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Biology 120 > Lecture 9 > Flashcards

Lecture 9 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is cellular respiration (2)

A

energy derived from food
the process by which cells generate ATP through a series of redox reactions

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2
Q

what is an aerobe

A

organism that grows or metabolizes only in the presence of oxygen

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3
Q

what is an anaerobe

A

organism that grows only in the absence of oxygen

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4
Q

what is a facultative anaerobe

A

organism capable of carrying out aerobic respiration but able to switch to fermentation with oxygen is unavailable

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5
Q

what is an organic molecules cellular respiration called without oxygen

A

fermentation

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6
Q

what happens during aerobic cellular respiration

A

the fuel (such as glucose) is oxidized and oxygen is reduced

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7
Q

where does cellular respiration and ATP synthesis occur

A

mitochondria

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8
Q

What are the double membrane organelles?

A

Mitochondria, chloroplasts, nucleus

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9
Q

what are the four steps of cellular respiration

A
  • Glycolysis
  • Formation of acetyl - CoA
  • Krebs cycle
  • Electron transport chain / chemiosmosis
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10
Q

what is the formation of acetyl - CoA

A

fuse to activate the Krebs cycle

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11
Q

what does glycolysis produce? (3)

A

2 pyruvate
2-ATP
2 NADH

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12
Q

What are the electron carriers from the Krebs cycle to the electron transport chain

A

NADH
FADH

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13
Q

where does glycolysis happen

A

cytosol (cytoplasm)

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14
Q

where does the formation of Acetyl-CoA happen

A

mitochondrial matrix

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15
Q

what is Krebs cycle fuelled by?

A

Acetyl-CoA

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16
Q

where does the Kreb cycle occur

A

mitochondrial matrix

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17
Q

what is the electron transport chain

A

a sequence of electron carrier molecules that shuttle electrons during redox reactions

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18
Q

where is the electron transport chain located

A

inner mitochondrial membrane

19
Q

what transport proton passes through the electron transport chain

A

H+ (hydrogen ion)

20
Q

what is the final electron acceptor in oxidative phosphorylation

A

O2

21
Q

what are the primary electron donors in Oxidative phosphorylation

A

NADH and FADH

22
Q

what forms the channels for diffusion of protons (H+) from the inter membrane space through the inner mitochondrial membrane to the matrix?

A

ATP synthase

23
Q

Is ATP synthesis exergonic or endergonic

A

endergonic - requires energy

24
Q

is diffusion of protons (usually H+) down their gradient exergonic or endergonic

A

exergonic - releases energy

25
Q

ATP is produced through what processes? Term (2)

A
  • oxidative phosphorylation
  • photophosphorylation
26
Q

what is fermentation

A

occurs in the absence of O2 - an ATP generating process in which organic compounds act as both donors and acceptors of electrons

27
Q

what are the two reactions in chloroplasts (photosynthesis)

A

light reactions
Calvin cycle

28
Q

what is the light reaction, and what does it produce?

A

the light driven production of ATP and NADPH

29
Q

what is the puropose of the Calvin cycle

A

the conversion of CO2 to produce carbohydrates (glucose)

30
Q

what initiates the light dependant reaction

A

chlorophyll a

31
Q

what is resonance energy

A

the migration of light energy to the reaction centre in photosynthesis

32
Q

What are the functions of the photosystems (3 for 1) (5 for 2)

A

absorption of light energy
extraction of electrons
transfer electrons to primary electron acceptors
2
H2O splitting
Release of O2

33
Q

what couples the exergonic process of diffusion down a concentration gradient

A

the endergonic process of phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP

34
Q

what are the electron donors in Photophosphorylation and Oxidative phosphorylation

A

Photo - H2O
Oxidative - NADH and FADH

35
Q

what’s the final electron acceptor in photophosphorylation

A

NADP+

36
Q

Products of photophosphorylation

A

ATP, NADPH, O2

37
Q

products of oxidative phosphorylation

A

ATP, H2O

38
Q

The energy of ATP and NADPH produced during light reactions is used for what

A

formation of organic molecules from CO2 and the Calvin cycle

39
Q

where does the Calvin cycle occur

A

the stroma

39
Q

3 steps of carbon fixation/calvin cycle

A

carbon fixation
energy consumption and carbon reduction
RuBP regeneration

40
Q

what is Rubisco

A

the most abundant protein in the chloroplast/ incorporates CO2 into plants during photosynthesis

41
Q

does glycolysis required oxygen

A

no

42
Q

what does the kreb cycle produce

A

2 ATP
6 NADH
2 FADH

43
Q

what does the formation of Acetyl - CoA produce

A

2 NADH

Biology 120 (10 decks)

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