Lecture 1-2b Flashcards
Describe the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
Prokaryotic cells have no nucleus and no organelles. Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and many membrane bounded organelles
What is light microscopy
uses light to illuminate the specimen
what is electron microscopy
uses electrons to illuminate the specimen
What are the elements common to all living cells? (5)
Plasma membrane
Cytoplasm
Chromosomes
Ribosomes
Cytoskeleton
3 parts of a Phospholipid
Phosphate
Glycerol 3 carbon sugar
Choline
do semi permeable plasma membranes have hydrophobic or hydrophilic barrier? and what does that mean?
Hydrophobic _ meaning hydrophobic molecules can penetrate the membrane easily
Can charged atoms get through the layer
nope
what is cytosol
the aqueous portion of the cytoplasm
what does the cytoskeleton do (3)
maintains cell shape and plays key role in cell devision and chromosome segregation
Which domains consist of prokaryotic cells (2)
Bacteria and Archae
what’s in plant cells but not animal cells? (4)
Chloroplasts
cell wall
central vacuole
plasmodesmata
what’s in animal cells but not plant cells? (3)
flagella
lysosomes
centrioles
what separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm ?
nuclear envelope
How many membranes does a nuclear envelope have?
2
what is the nucleolus responsible for
assembling ribosomes
what is chromatin (2)
the main content in chromosomes and DNA with a protein present
what does a nuclear pore do (2)
regulates the transportation of molecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm
communicates nucleus with the rest of the cell
where do ribosomes carry out protein synthesis?
in the cytosol
and outside of ER
Ribosomes produce what
protein
what connect the elements of the endomembrane system
vesicles
Components of the endomembrane system in eukaryotic cells (7)
Endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
Lysosomes
Vesicles
Vacuoles
Nuclear envelope
Plasma membrane
What are the functions of the rough ER?
modifications and folding of proteins
Functions of the smooth ER? (2)
synthesizes lipids
detoxifies
is the cis side or trans side of the Golgi facing the nucleus
cis side
is it rough er or smooth er first
rough
what’s the order of protein transport through the endomembrane system
nuclear envelope
rough er
smooth er
cis Golgi
trans Golgi
vesicles
vacuoles/lysosomes
plasma membrane
