Lecture 2c - 2e Flashcards
Describe the Golgi apparatus (3)
Modifies products in the ER
Manufactures certain macromolecules
Sorts and packages materials into transport vesicles
Is the cis or trans face of the ER facing the nucleus ?
the cis face - the trans face faces the surface
what is autophagy?
Eating themselves and eating things from its internal cellular contents. Recycling of cellular components
Explain Phagocytosis
Cells eating and digesting potential harmful bacteria with the help of fusion with lysosomes
What are vesicles used for
to organize cellular processes - specific cells to organize different processes
How do vesicles form?
Naturally through the process of exocytosis, endocytosis, and transport of materials within the plasma membrane
Do cilia and flagella move the same
no they don’t
are mitochondria and chloroplasts a part of the endomembrane system
no
What happens in mitochondria?
site of cellular respiration
What are peroxisomes
oxidative organelles - bigger molecules become very small in oxidation processes that happen in the peroxisomes
how many membranes do mitochondria have ?
2 - smooth inner and outer membrane
Where does the ATP production happen in mitochondria?
Inner membrane
what is stroma?
the liquid in between thylakoids and inside the inner membrane of the CHLOROPLASTS
What does the cytoskeleton do
anchors organelles and internal structures
it is a network of fibres
Cytoskeleton is composed of 3 types of molecular structures, what are they? What is their order of thickness?
Microtubules - thickest
Microfilaments - thinest
Intermediate filaments - diameters in middle range
what are the roles of the cytoskeleton? (3)
Support, mobility, and regulation
What protein are microfilaments made of? and what protein does that work with?
Actin, Myosin
what is cytoplasmic streaming
the circular flow of cytoplasm within cells
How do cells talk to eachother
Intercellular junctions
what are the three extracellular structures
Cell walls of plants
The extracellular matrix of animal cells
Intercellular junctions
what controls the flow of water into a plant cell ? and what is it made of?
the cell wall and it is made up of cellulose
Functions of the Extracellular Matrix (ECM) of animal cells? (4)
Movement
Adhesion
Regulation
Support
Describe tight junctions, what do they prevent?
cells are pressed together, preventing leakage of extracellular fluid
describe desmosomes
fasten cells into strong sheets
describe gap junctions
provide cytoplasmic channels (communicating junctions)
