lecture 9+10+DLA

Question 1

what are the psychotic symptom domains

Answer 1

1. delusions
2. hallucinations
3. disorganized speech
4. disorganized behavior
5. negative symptoms

1-3 are core symptoms

Question 2

delusions

types of delusions

Answer 2

A fixed false belief that is not amenable to change, even in light of conflicting evidence

delusion of grandeur (grandiose) 
delusion of persecutions (paranoid) 
delusion of control (external force controlling you)  
delusion of reference (people are talking about you)
broadcasting delusion (thoughts being transmitted from others)

Question 3

hallucinations

Answer 3

A sensory perception without an external stimulus

usually auditory:
voices

Question 4

disorganized speech

Answer 4

Speech (thinking) lacks the normal, logical connections between words or thoughts

speech can be derailing (unrelated connections between thought)

speech can be clang (word associated based on rhyming)

speech can be word salad (speech has no meaningful thought)

Question 5

disorganized behavior and catatonic behavior

Answer 5

disorganized: Non-goal-oriented behavior
catatonia: Multiple motor/behavioral abnormalities that reflect diminished reactivity to the environment

Question 6

negative symptoms

Answer 6

diminished emotional expression 
decreased activity (avolition) 
diminished speech (alogia) 
anhedonia (lack of joy) 
asociality (disinterest in social activities)

Question 7

negative vs positive symptoms

Answer 7

negative = Thoughts, behaviors or perceptions that
normally exist that are now absent or markedly diminished

positive: Thoughts, behaviors, or perceptions that are
distorted or in excess of normal function

Question 8

Schizophrenia

Answer 8

an active phase for at least 1 month

have to have at least 2 psychotic symptoms with one being a core symptoms

Continuous signs of the disturbance for ≥ 6 months

non active phases normally only have one symptom domain

Question 9

neuropathology of schizophrenia

Answer 9

overactivity of mesolimbic DA related to positive symptoms

underactivity of mesocortical DA related to negative symptoms

Question 10

neuropathological findings in schizophrenia

Answer 10

enlarged lateral ventricles
decreased cortical gray matter and reduced hippocampal volume
decreased volume of thalamus

decreased prefrontal metabolism

impairment in attention, memory, and executive functions

Question 11

etiology of schizophrenia

Answer 11

neurodevelopmental theory

a lesion occurs during early brain development

lesion starts to affect the person as they develop and as they are exposed to environmental factors