Lecture 13+14+DLA

Question 1

kleptomania

Answer 1

Recurrent irresistible stealing of unneeded objects
increase tension before stealing
relief when stealing (no other motivating cause)

Question 2

pyromania

Answer 2

Multiple episodes of deliberate fire setting with
preceding tension or emotional arousal

fascination with fire

no motivating factor other than relief when setting fires

Question 3

treatment for impulse control issues

Answer 3

behavioral therapy techniques

avoiding triggers
aversion therapy
exposure and response prevention

medication (SSRI) has variable success

Question 4

impulse control etiology

Answer 4

too little serotonin in the prefrontal cortex

to much dopamine in the reward pathway

Question 5

Avoidant personality disorder

Answer 5

theme: inferiority complex

these people desire relationships, but are very restrained due to the fear of not being liked or being ridiculed

negative self-image
reluctant to start new activities

Question 6

dependent personality disorder

Answer 6

theme: excessive need to be taken cared for

always need to be in a relationship
feel helpless when alone
low confidence 
difficulty disagreeing 
indecisive 
need support

Question 7

Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD)

Answer 7

theme: perfectionism and control

preoccupation with order, perfectionism, and control
Excessive devotion to work
Rigid and stubborn

Question 8

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2)

Answer 8

most commonly used personality test in mental health professions

Provides comprehensive view of personality across 10 dimensions

Question 9

Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD)

Answer 9

angry / irritable mood (will lose temper)

argumentative / defiant behavior (will argue and refuse to comply with authority figures)

vengeful

Diagnosis is usually in childhood, but can be any age
no serious violation of others rights

Question 10

Conduct disorder

Answer 10

Repeated and persistent serious violation of rights/societal norms

must have 3 symptoms occur in or across any of the four categories:

aggressive conduct: bullies, uses weapons, steals, hurt people and animals

Deliberate property destruction: by fire or other means

Deceit or theft: broken in, lies, stolen without confronting

Serious violation of rules: breaking curfew, running away, truancy

can be diagnosed at any age

can have child onset (before 10) or adolescent onset (after 10)

Question 11

Intermittent Explosive Disorder (IED)

Answer 11

Recurrent outbursts representing a failure to control
aggressive impulses
can be verbal or physical aggression (verbal occurs more often)
usually not aggressive or violate rights of others

the aggression is:
way out of proportion
impulsive and anger based
not explained by other disorder

Question 12

intellectual disability

Answer 12

deficits in intellectual functioning

and confirmed using clinical assessment and standardized intellectual testing

deficient in adaptive functioning
(limitations in communication, social participation, and independent living across multiple environments)

begins before the age of 18 years

Question 13

Global Developmental Delay

Answer 13

the child is less than 5 years old

has not met developmental milestones in several areas (learning to walk/talk, social and emotional interactions)

clinical severity cannot be assessed yet
will need assessment later

Question 14

Specific Learning Disorders

Answer 14

difficulty learning and using academic skills

academic skills less than expected for age (interfere with daily living) confirmed with standardized testing and clinical assessment

at least one of these symptoms for at least 6 months:

slow and inaccurate word reading
difficulty understanding what you read
difficulty spelling
difficulty with numbers, calculation, and math reasoning

Ex:
dyslexic, impairment in written expression, dyscalculia

Question 15

Communication Disorder: Language Disorder

Answer 15

Persistent difficulty in acquisition and use of language across modalities (speaking, reading, writing, signing, etc.)

decreased vocab, limited sentence structure, impairments in conversing

Language ability below expectations for age

Question 16

Communication Disorder: Speech Sound Disorder

Answer 16

Persistent difficulty with speech sound production that interferes with speech intelligibility or prevents verbal communication

Speech should be intelligible by age 3-4

Milder cases spontaneously recover by age 8

With speech therapy, almost all cases completely recover

Question 17

Communication Disorder: Childhood-onset Fluency Disorder

Answer 17

Persistent disturbances in the normal fluency and time patterning of speech that are inappropriate for age and level of language skill

ex: sound and syllable repetition, broken words, sound prolongations

The disturbance causes anxiety about speaking or limits effective communication

usually diagnosed under 6
80% recover
May not be present during oral reading, singing or talking to inanimate objects

Question 18

Communication Disorder: Social (pragmatic) Communication Disorder

Answer 18

Persistent difficulties in the social use of verbal and nonverbal communication

The deficits result in functional limitations in effective communication that interferes with social, academic, occupational performance

diagnoses is usually after 4-5 years of age

Question 19

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Answer 19

Persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts:

social and emotional deficit (limited convo, do not share emotions)

Deficits in nonverbal communicative behaviors (limited eye contact, limited understanding of nonverbal cues)

Deficits in developing, maintaining, and understanding relationships (problems with making friends and sharing)

Restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior (RRBs), interests, or activities:

repetitive motor movements
adherence to routines
fixated interests
hyper or hypo reactivity to stimuli

diagnosis is usually made by age 2

Question 20

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Answer 20

symptoms are normally seen before the age of 12

6 or more specific symptoms of inattention AND/OR

(lack of attention to details, easily distracted, cant focus)

6 or more specific symptoms hyperactivity-impulsivity
AND

(fidgety, talks to much, blurts out, cannot wait turn, motor driven)

Persisted for at least six months

Question 21

ADHD treatment

Answer 21

A combination of medication and behavioral psychotherapy are recommended
(if below age 6, behavioral first)

1. simulants
   Amphetamine (Adderall), methylphenidate (Ritalin)
   (increases dopamine and norepinephrine in prefrontal cortex)

Adverse effects: appetite loss, insomnia, edginess, GI upset

Blackbox warning: potential for abuse

2. non-simulant drugs
   Atomoxetine (Strattera)

Mechanism: selectively inhibits norepinephrine reuptake in the prefrontal cortex

Used in stimulant failures or if there are contraindications for using stimulants