Lecture 13+14+DLA Flashcards
kleptomania
Recurrent irresistible stealing of unneeded objects
increase tension before stealing
relief when stealing (no other motivating cause)
pyromania
Multiple episodes of deliberate fire setting with
preceding tension or emotional arousal
fascination with fire
no motivating factor other than relief when setting fires
treatment for impulse control issues
behavioral therapy techniques
avoiding triggers
aversion therapy
exposure and response prevention
medication (SSRI) has variable success
impulse control etiology
too little serotonin in the prefrontal cortex
to much dopamine in the reward pathway
Avoidant personality disorder
theme: inferiority complex
these people desire relationships, but are very restrained due to the fear of not being liked or being ridiculed
negative self-image
reluctant to start new activities
dependent personality disorder
theme: excessive need to be taken cared for
always need to be in a relationship feel helpless when alone low confidence difficulty disagreeing indecisive need support
Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD)
theme: perfectionism and control
preoccupation with order, perfectionism, and control
Excessive devotion to work
Rigid and stubborn
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2)
most commonly used personality test in mental health professions
Provides comprehensive view of personality across 10 dimensions
Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD)
angry / irritable mood (will lose temper)
argumentative / defiant behavior (will argue and refuse to comply with authority figures)
vengeful
Diagnosis is usually in childhood, but can be any age
no serious violation of others rights
Conduct disorder
Repeated and persistent serious violation of rights/societal norms
must have 3 symptoms occur in or across any of the four categories:
aggressive conduct: bullies, uses weapons, steals, hurt people and animals
Deliberate property destruction: by fire or other means
Deceit or theft: broken in, lies, stolen without confronting
Serious violation of rules: breaking curfew, running away, truancy
can be diagnosed at any age
can have child onset (before 10) or adolescent onset (after 10)
Intermittent Explosive Disorder (IED)
Recurrent outbursts representing a failure to control
aggressive impulses
can be verbal or physical aggression (verbal occurs more often)
usually not aggressive or violate rights of others
the aggression is:
way out of proportion
impulsive and anger based
not explained by other disorder
intellectual disability
deficits in intellectual functioning
and confirmed using clinical assessment and standardized intellectual testing
deficient in adaptive functioning
(limitations in communication, social participation, and independent living across multiple environments)
begins before the age of 18 years
Global Developmental Delay
the child is less than 5 years old
has not met developmental milestones in several areas (learning to walk/talk, social and emotional interactions)
clinical severity cannot be assessed yet
will need assessment later
Specific Learning Disorders
difficulty learning and using academic skills
academic skills less than expected for age (interfere with daily living) confirmed with standardized testing and clinical assessment
at least one of these symptoms for at least 6 months:
slow and inaccurate word reading
difficulty understanding what you read
difficulty spelling
difficulty with numbers, calculation, and math reasoning
Ex:
dyslexic, impairment in written expression, dyscalculia
Communication Disorder: Language Disorder
Persistent difficulty in acquisition and use of language across modalities (speaking, reading, writing, signing, etc.)
decreased vocab, limited sentence structure, impairments in conversing
Language ability below expectations for age
Communication Disorder: Speech Sound Disorder
Persistent difficulty with speech sound production that interferes with speech intelligibility or prevents verbal communication
Speech should be intelligible by age 3-4
Milder cases spontaneously recover by age 8
With speech therapy, almost all cases completely recover
Communication Disorder: Childhood-onset Fluency Disorder
Persistent disturbances in the normal fluency and time patterning of speech that are inappropriate for age and level of language skill
ex: sound and syllable repetition, broken words, sound prolongations
The disturbance causes anxiety about speaking or limits effective communication
usually diagnosed under 6
80% recover
May not be present during oral reading, singing or talking to inanimate objects
Communication Disorder: Social (pragmatic) Communication Disorder
Persistent difficulties in the social use of verbal and nonverbal communication
The deficits result in functional limitations in effective communication that interferes with social, academic, occupational performance
diagnoses is usually after 4-5 years of age
Autism Spectrum Disorder
Persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts:
social and emotional deficit (limited convo, do not share emotions)
Deficits in nonverbal communicative behaviors (limited eye contact, limited understanding of nonverbal cues)
Deficits in developing, maintaining, and understanding relationships (problems with making friends and sharing)
Restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior (RRBs), interests, or activities:
repetitive motor movements
adherence to routines
fixated interests
hyper or hypo reactivity to stimuli
diagnosis is usually made by age 2
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
symptoms are normally seen before the age of 12
6 or more specific symptoms of inattention AND/OR
(lack of attention to details, easily distracted, cant focus)
6 or more specific symptoms hyperactivity-impulsivity
AND
(fidgety, talks to much, blurts out, cannot wait turn, motor driven)
Persisted for at least six months
ADHD treatment
A combination of medication and behavioral psychotherapy are recommended
(if below age 6, behavioral first)
- simulants
Amphetamine (Adderall), methylphenidate (Ritalin)
(increases dopamine and norepinephrine in prefrontal cortex)
Adverse effects: appetite loss, insomnia, edginess, GI upset
Blackbox warning: potential for abuse
- non-simulant drugs
Atomoxetine (Strattera)
Mechanism: selectively inhibits norepinephrine reuptake in the prefrontal cortex
Used in stimulant failures or if there are contraindications for using stimulants
