Lecture 8.2: Behaviour Change & Lay Beliefs Flashcards
What are Lay Beliefs?
Lay beliefs represent an individual’s subjective and informal explanation for the world around them (including explanations relating to health and illness) that do not necessarily have to concur with scientific knowledge
What is Health?
The state of being free from illness or injury
What is Health Behaviour?
Actions undertaken for purpose of maintaining health and preventing illness
What is Illness Behaviour?
Activity undertaken by an ill person to define illness and seek solution
What is Sick Role Behaviour?
Formal response to symptoms, including seeking professional help and actions of the person as a patient
Why are Lay Beliefs so important?
They influence behaviour and compliance with health advice
Cognitive Perceptions of Illness (5 Dimensions)
- Identity: how people identify an illness using
symptoms and a disease label - Cause: beliefs about cause
- Timeline: how long individual beliefs disease will last
- Consequences: outcomes & impacts expected as a
result of the belief - Curability/Controllability: beliefs about whether illness
can be prevented/cured/controlled
Illness Perception Questionnaire
It is a a new method for assessing cognitive representations of illness.
Factors that influence patient decisions (5)
- Knowledge and understanding of medical illness and
interventions - Trust in physician
- Trust in healthcare service
- Experience of illness and medical intervention
- Implications for engaging with health services
Factors effect adherence to treatment/prevention (7)
- Symptom based view of illness
- Cost
- Route of Administration
- Frequency
- Side-Effects
- Beliefs about efficacy
- Beliefs about necessity
What factors affect parents decision to vaccinate children? (3)
- Autism study (false)
- Side-Effects/Allergies
- Belief of economic gain for GPs through vaccination
What factors are perceptions of risk influenced by? (5)
- Fear about how severe damage from a potential
incident could be (“dread factor”) - Vividness of risk
- Frequency at which risk is encountered
- Sense of invulnerability common in population
- Tendency to dismiss low risk as insignificant
What is a Heuristic?
A mental shortcut commonly used to simplify problems and avoid cognitive overload
Behaviour Change Techniques (11)
1) Goal Setting
2) Review of Goals
3) Self Monitoring
4) Self Talk
5) Emotion Control Training
6) Stress Management
7) Action Planning
8) Barrier Identification/Problem Solving
9) Relapse Prevention/Coping Planning
10) Time Management
11) Provision of Feedback
Behaviour Change Models (5)
- Health Belief Model
- Social Cognitive Theory
- Common Sense Self Regulation Model
- Locus of Control Model
- Behavioural Intention Model
What is Behavioural Science?
Study of human actions and interactions
Levels of Interventions (6)
- Individual
- Community
- Societal
- National
- Policy
- Environmental
Social Science Research Methods: Quantitative
- Hypothesis Testing
- Data Collection
- Data Analysis
Social Science Research Methods: Qualitative
- Survey
- What? Why? How?
What is a Hypothesis?
An untested idea or assumption, a proposed explanation for a phenomenon
What is a Theory?
Provides an explanation for observations in data
What are the Unifying Principles of Biology? (4)
- Cell Theory
- Gene Theory
- Evolution
- Homeostasis
Advantages of Quantitative Research Methods (6)
- Descriptions
- Measuring
- Finding Relationships
- Allows Comparisons
- High Reliability and Validity
- Generalisation
Advantages of Qualitative Research Methods (4)
- Understand perspective of participants
- Explaining relationships between variables
- Formulating hypothesis
- How implementable the research is in practice
What is Validity?
How accurately a method measures what it is intended to measure
What is Reliability?
Consistency of a measure
What is Accuracy?
It is how close a given set of measurements are to their true value
What is Precision?
It is how close the measurements are to each other
Disadvantages of Quantitative Research Methods (3)
- Can miss important information
- May not be effective in establishing causality
- Does not allow open ended question
Disadvantages of Qualitative Research Methods (5)
- Identifying relationships between variables
- Generalisation
- Hypothesis Testing
- Labour & Time Intensive
- Subjectively
Examples of data collection methods (5)
- Interviews
- Focus Groups
- Questionnaires/Surveys
- Direct Observations
- RCTs
Types of Analysis of Qualitative Data (6)
- Content Analysis
- Grounded Analysis
- Social Network Analysis
- Discourse Analysis
- Narrative Analysis
- Conversation Analysis
What factors does choosing the most suitable method of research depend on? (4)
- Topic under investigation
- Research team’s expertise/preference
- Time and Money available
- Funders/Audience of study
