Lecture 4.1: Non-Communicable Diseases and Nutrition

Question 1

What is a Chronic Disease?

Answer 1

A long-term condition requiring ongoing treatment or
management

Question 2

Top 5 UK Leading Causes of Death (2016)

Answer 2

Heart Disease
Alzheimers/Dementia
Lung Cancer
Chronic Lower Respiratory Diseases
Stroke

Question 3

What are Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs)?

Answer 3

One DALY represents the loss of the equivalent of one year of full health

Question 4

What are Quality Adjusted Life Years (QALYs)?

Answer 4

One quality-adjusted life year (QALY) is equal to 1 year of life in perfect health

Question 5

Levels of Prevention: Primordial Prevention

Answer 5

Eradication or elimination of a health threat from a population

Question 6

Levels of Prevention: Primary Prevention

Answer 6

Intervening to protect an individual or population from risk factors or exposures before any negative health impacts are experienced

Question 7

Levels of Prevention: Secondary Prevention

Answer 7

The early identification of disease or pre-disease states, and timely intervention to minimise progression, or return individuals to a healthy state

Question 8

Levels of Prevention: Tertiary Prevention

Answer 8

Management of on-going conditions in individuals, in order to reduce the risk of complications and further morbidity

Question 9

What are known Risk Factors for Type 2 Diabetes? (6)

Answer 9

• Obesity
• Family History
• Inactivity
• High Blood Pressure
• Genetic Predisposition
• Age

Question 10

What are known Risk Factors for COPD? (4)

Answer 10

• Smoking
• Exposure to indoor air pollution
• Occupational exposure to dust particles
• Genetic predisposition: Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency

Question 11

What are known Risk Factors for Cardiovascular
Disease? (8)

Answer 11

• High Blood Pressure
• Smoking
• Hyperlipidemia
• Diabetes
• Inactivity & Obesity
• Family History
• Ethnicity
• Genetic Predisposition

Question 12

What is the Public Health Role of the Clinician?

Answer 12

Using interactions with patients opportunistically to deliver consistent and concise healthy lifestyle information

Question 13

What is MECC

Answer 13

Making Every Contact Count

Question 14

Risk Factors for Poor Covid-19 Outcomes (7)

Answer 14

• Diabetes (Type 1 or Type 2)
• Cardiovascular Disease
• Obesity
• Kidney Disease
• Liver Disease
• Recent Cancers
• Ethnicity