lecture 8 recap

Question 1

RNA editing is

Answer 1

nucleotide alterations which result in different or additional nucleotides in the RNA

Question 2

what are the 2 classes of editing

Answer 2

insertion/deletion
base modification

Question 3

can flip purines e.g.

Answer 3

A to I (I is same as G) by deamination

Question 4

can flip pyrimidines e.g.

Answer 4

C to U via deamination

Question 5

mRNA can create

Answer 5

start codons by inserting a U (AUG)

Question 6

N6-methyladenosine causes a methyl group to be added to an

Answer 6

A (m6A)

Question 7

writers

Answer 7

add methyl groups

Question 8

readers

Answer 8

recognise the methyl groups

Question 9

erasers

Answer 9

remove the methyl group

Question 10

writer example

Answer 10

Mettl3

Question 11

reader example

Answer 11

Hu-R, YTHDF1-3

Question 12

eraser example

Answer 12

FTP, AKLBH5

Question 13

what does the m6A cause

Answer 13

sometimes reader protein only recognises the
mRNA when its methylated or sometimes m6A blocks the reader protein

Question 14

can either make the mRNA more stable or can cause a target for degradation of the mRNA depending on

Answer 14

the mRNA and the protein it recruits

Question 15

cytosine deaminated is

Answer 15

uracil

Question 16

adenosine deaminated is

Answer 16

inosine (recognised as guanine)

Question 17

UAA is a common

Answer 17

stop codon
if you change the C in CAA to U you will get a smaller protein

Question 18

an A to I change in the glutamate receptors causes Q (glutamate) to change to

Answer 18

R (argenine)

Question 19

occurs in L-glutamate major excitatory neurotransmitter which normally lets through sodium and calcium, editing decreases

Answer 19

calcium permeability, channel signalling is reduces

Question 20

this editing is carried out by

Answer 20

ADAR2 gene

Question 21

methylation of 2 ribose from OH group (2-0-methylation) changes property of ribose by stabilising what

Answer 21

5’ end of DNA

Question 22

the nuclear pore:
on the nucleoplasmic side theres a

Answer 22

cage structure

Question 23

on the cytoplasmic side there are

Answer 23

filaments

Question 24

RNA is an acid meaning tis charged and the pore is hydrophobic meaning

Answer 24

RNA wont go through on its own

Question 25

tRNA export factor is

Answer 25

Exp-t

Question 26

miRNA export factor is

Answer 26

Exp-5

Question 27

snRNA binds to a

Answer 27

cap binding complex

Question 28

it then gets exported by

Answer 28

PHAX

Question 29

PHAX binds to

Answer 29

CRM1 which exports proteins

Question 30

mRNA binds to

Answer 30

CBC (cap binding complex) and ALY/Yra1

Question 31

this allows it to bind to which export proteins

Answer 31

TAP/Mex67 and p15/Mtr2