lecture 1 recap Flashcards
what is gene expression
the process by which information in genes (DNA) is decoded into protein
what is T in mRNA `
U
what on the RNA pol binds to the DNA promoter
sigma 70
when is the sigma factor released
once RNA pol has gained access to the template
what type of enzyme is RNA polymerase
holoenzyme
what does the promoter dictate
where transcription starts and how effective it is
are points upstream of transcription start site given a negative or positive number
negative
eukaryotic promoter elements have
TATA box and initiator
where is TATA box located
-31 to -26
where is the initiator located
-2 to +4
what are CpG islands
regions with high frequency of CG sequences
what happens if c regions in CpG island are methylated
the gene is switched off
what are UAS (Upstream activator site/ enhancer)
activator binding sited that increase transcription
what are URS (upstream repression sites/ silencer)
repressor binding sites that prevents transcription
what are the general transcription factors
TFIIA, B, D, E, F, H
what do the general TFs form a complex with
TATA box
what does this binding recruit
RNA pol II to the promoter
which general TF binds to the TATA box
TFIID
what TFs does this allow to join
TFIIA and B
what does TFIIA do
stabilises TFIID and has anti repression function
what does TFIIB signal the recruitment of
RNA pol II
what general TF does RNA pol II bring with it
TFIIF
what does TFIIF do
stimulates elongation and destabilises non specific RNA pol II - DNA interactions
what are the last two TFs to join
TFIIE which recruits TFIIH
which TF has helicase activity and separates the template strand at start site
TFIIH
which TF does RNA pol II move down the template with
TFIIF
what two parts can TFIIH be divided into
CORE and CAK
CAK contains kinase that phosphorylates what
CTD of RNA pol II
TFIID is made up of
TATA binding domain (TBP) and TVP associated factors (TAFs)
TBP sits on the DNA and brings what to the DNA
the TAFs
