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Sport Psych > Lecture 8 - Physical activity > Flashcards

Lecture 8 - Physical activity Flashcards

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1
Q

What % in 2008 sufficiently active?

A

39% men
29% women

less than 13% over 65 have minimum recommended physical activity

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2
Q

What % are active in 2016?

A

35% men

27% women

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3
Q

How much exercise you supposed to have?

A

5 moderate-intesntiy activity (30 mins) a week

5 high intensity (15 mins) a week

2/3 arent doing this

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4
Q

What % are obese

A

58% women
69% men
10% children before school

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5
Q

How many eat 5 a day?

A

24% men

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6
Q

What does physical inactivity cause in like death terms?

A

4th leading cause of death

7.7% deaths from high income countries

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7
Q

How much does NHS spend on treating overweighteness?

A

11bn a year

1 k a second

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8
Q

What are the benefits of physical activity?

A 
√ - weight control
√ - less chance of CV disease
√ - less stress/ anxiety/ depression
√ - more self-esteem
√ - higher quality of life, mood etc
√ - socialise
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9
Q

Who came up with theory of reasoned action?

A

Ajen & Fishbein (1980)

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10
Q

Outline Ajen & Fishbein (1980) theory of reasoned action?

A
  • Understands behaviour through intentions
  • Predictors of intentions is attitudes (most important, what i think) and subjective norms (what others think)

Everything runs through intentions, key part of doing exercise or not

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11
Q

Limits of TRA?

A

X - assumes behaviour is under control totally
X - Assumes we make rational decision making with all available info - we dont weight up all the pros or cons, our behaviour is random/ spontaneous

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12
Q

What were the reasons we dont exercise? According to Downs & Hausenblas (2005)

A

Knowing benefits doesnt bring behaviour change, barriers are in the way

  • health issues (mental or physical)
  • inconvienience ( no facilities)
  • lack of motivation (lazy)
  • lack of social support
  • lack of time or money
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13
Q

Who came up with theory of planned behaviour?

A

Ajzen (1985)

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14
Q

Outline Ajzen (1985) theory of planned behaviour

A

Improved on TRA, by adding env factor of “perceive behavioural control”

  • can sometimes skip intentions, and directly impact behaviour
  • Perceived behavioural control includes resources, opportunities, obstacles
  • Leads to controlability - how in control of exercise you are and self-efficacy
  • Controlability leads to behaviour
  • self-effiacy leads to intention
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15
Q

What did Hausenblas, Carron & mack (1997) do?

A

Looked at effective sizes between the components of TPB and health behaviours

  • Very strong effect from attitudes to intentions and from intentions to behaviours
  • strong effect from perceived behavioural control to behaviour
  • subjective norm less so important
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16
Q

What did Hagger, Chattzisarantis & Biddle (2002) do?

A

Meta analysis - looked at TRA and TPB compared to physical exercice

  • looked at correlation, not effect size
  • attitude was again strongest, perceived behavioural control aslo important
17
Q

What are limitations of TRA and TPB

A

X - ignores personality/ demographics
X - ignores past habits
X - How long from testing intentions to measuring behaviour
X - We take mental shortcuts, and dont think rationally - tennis and ball = £1.10

18
Q

What do ecological models for why we dont exercise do?

A
  • How env and behaviours effect each other
  • Reltionships between factors are complex, everything influences everything else:
  • physical vs psychological environment
  • social env
  • policy env (gov)
19
Q

Describe the inuit study

A

30 year study

  • communites were becoming more westernised and physical changes were recorded
  • from 1970-90, no longer used a dog sled, just a skidoo
  • moved from temporary summer fishing camps/ winter igloos to permanant housing
  • Didnt hunt with dogs or sleds, or fished with kayaks - now with ATV’s and skiddos, power boats
  • findings:
  • 40 year old skin fold measurements had tribled, quadrupled
20
Q

What did James Levine study?

A

Office workers - found obese people tended to sit 2.5 hours more than others

  • movement (not exercise entirely) in workplace is key to avoiding obesity
  • P’s were given a desk with a treadmill- lost weight and came alive as a person
21
Q

What did Morris et al (1953) do?

A

Bus drivers vs conductors
- coronory heart disease was 50% higher in drivers, sudden death was 2 times more likely in drivers too (heady et al (1961)

22
Q

What physical environment factors affect obesity?

A
  • technological advances
  • escalators not stairs
  • fast food restaurants
  • obseogenic environment
  • drive throughs, online shopping
23
Q

What are the 2 types of interventions?

A
  1. Psychological interventions

2. environmental interventions

24
Q

What are the sucesses of the frameworks? effect sizes?

A

cognitive-behavioural intervention = .10

Behaviour modification = .92
- most effective

Exercise prescription = .21

25
Q

Outline behaviour modification interventions?

A

Most effective interventions
- combines env, prompts, contingencies of reinformcemnt (skinner)
Make behaviour easier, not increaseing motivation - focus on env
- Smart watches, fitbits etc

26
Q

Outline contingencies of reinforcement

A

SKinner - when you do a behaviour and see immediate consequences, if these are rewarding, increase frequency, if punishg, reduces it

27
Q

What did Brownell, Stunkard & Albaum (1980) do?

A

Sign at bottom of esculator stair combo

  • 21,000 observations
  • Stair use went from 5.5% - 14.5%
  • obese used it 4X times more often
  • “Year heart needs exercise, heres your chance”
28
Q

What did Blamey et al (1995) do?

A

sign read “Stay healthy, save time, use the stairs

  • men 12% - 22%
  • women 5% -14%
29
Q

Who did the grafitti littering thing?

A

Keizer, Lindeberg & Steg (2008)

30
Q

Outline Keizer, Lindeberg & Steg (2008)

A
  • Happy holidays written on bikes, no litter bins
  • clear no graffit sign on wall
  • Measured how many littered
  • In one condition, there was no graffiti, in the other, there was loads
  • Condition 1 (no graffiti) = 33% littered
  • Condition 2 = 69% litterd
31
Q

Outline broken window theory (80s)

A

If there are cues from the environment that social norms have broken down, we are more likely to behave in a socially unacceptable way

32
Q

Outline Keizer, Lindeberg & Steg (2008) post box study

A

letter sticking out with €5 visible

  • around this post box they either put nothing or put loads of graffiti or litter
  • Amount of people staling double if social norms were broken down
  • grafitti alone, or graffit and litter both increase stealing
33
Q

Outline policy environment

A
  • loads of schemes to encourage physical exercise
  • Bike2Work, Cycle plus
  • Huge cost, massive physical env changes
  • Too expensive to change all of london, need to just change behaviour
  • Boris bikes double the amount cycling to work (70K - 150K people)
  • Germany opened 62 mile mega cycle highway - but very expensive
  • when make a stair case fun - 66% used it - cheap and change behaviour
34
Q

What environment is best to conclude?

A

Need to use a bit of both

  • need to recogniise how env is important in shaping our behaviour
  • as well as individual attitudes

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