Lecture 8: Learning Flashcards
Learning
Relatively permanent behavior change as a result of experience
Associative Learning
occurs when we learn that certain events occur together
associations make it hard for us to kick this habits even if we know they are bad for us
Conditioning
(define and list the two types)
Process of learning associations
1. Classical Conditioning
2. Operant Conditioning
Classical Conditioning was discovered by who?
Ivan Pavlov
Unconditioned response
(name the example correlation to Pavlovs experiment as well)
An unlearned naturally occurring response
ex: A dog producing saliva when given food
Unconditioned stimulus
A stimulus that unconditionally triggers a response
ex: dog food bc it innately triggers a response
Conditioned Response
Learned response to a previously neutral stimulus
ex: salivating to the sound of a bell
Conditioned Stimulus
An original irrelevant response that triggers a conditioned response
ex: bell bc it triggers a response
Conditioned vs Unconditioned
Is it learnt or is it innate
Conditioning Processes : Acquisition
the initial stage in which an animal or person links a previously neutral stimulus and (to as?) unconditioned stimulus so that the neutral stimulus leads to a conditioned response
Conditioning Processes : High-Order Conditioning
Conditioning Processes : Extinction
Conditioning Processes : Spontaneous Recovery
the reappearance of a conditioned response after a pause, suggested its not forgotten but stoped responding bc figured a worthless act
Conditioning Processes : Generalization
tendency to respond to stimuli that are similar but not exactly the same as the conditioned stimulus
Conditioning Processes : Discrimination
In Operant Conditioning organisms _______ their own actions with _______
- associate
- consequences
Actions followed by reinforcers ________
Actions followed by punishers _________
- increase
- decrease
Operant Behavior
Behavior that acts on the environment to produce rewarding or punishing stimuli
behavior that leads to either side of the reinforcement or punishment
Operant Conditioning
A type of learning where behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer and diminished if followed by punishment
Reinforcement
refers to any event that strengthens or increases the frequency of a preceding response
Shaping
is a procedure in which reinforcers gradually guide one’s actions toward a desired behavior
ADD BF SKINNER AND RATS HERE
ADD BF SKINNER AND RATS HERE
Basic Processes of Operant Learning : Acquisition
Basic Processes of Operant Learning : Extinction
Basic Processes of Operant Learning : Generalization
Basic Processes of Operant Learning : Discrimination
Positive Reinforcement
strengthens a response by presenting a typically pleasant stimulus after a response.
Negative Reinforcement
strengthens a response by reducing or removing something undesirable or unpleasant.
ex: taking Advil to get rid of headache
Punishment
Decreases the frequency of a preceding behavior
Reinforcement vs Punishment
Reinforcement strengthens the likelihood of behavior
Punishments gets you to do something less often or less intensely
4 Schedules of Reinforcement :
