Lecture 8: Learning

Question 1

Learning

Answer 1

Relatively permanent behavior change as a result of experience

Question 2

Associative Learning

Answer 2

occurs when we learn that certain events occur together

associations make it hard for us to kick this habits even if we know they are bad for us

Question 3

Conditioning
(define and list the two types)

Answer 3

Process of learning associations
1. Classical Conditioning
2. Operant Conditioning

Question 4

Classical Conditioning was discovered by who?

Answer 4

Ivan Pavlov

Question 5

Unconditioned response
(name the example correlation to Pavlovs experiment as well)

Answer 5

An unlearned naturally occurring response

ex: A dog producing saliva when given food

Question 6

Unconditioned stimulus

Answer 6

A stimulus that unconditionally triggers a response

ex: dog food bc it innately triggers a response

Question 7

Conditioned Response

Answer 7

Learned response to a previously neutral stimulus

ex: salivating to the sound of a bell

Question 8

Conditioned Stimulus

Answer 8

An original irrelevant response that triggers a conditioned response

ex: bell bc it triggers a response

Question 9

Conditioned vs Unconditioned

Answer 9

Is it learnt or is it innate

Question 10

Conditioning Processes : Acquisition

Answer 10

the initial stage in which an animal or person links a previously neutral stimulus and (to as?) unconditioned stimulus so that the neutral stimulus leads to a conditioned response

Question 11

Conditioning Processes : High-Order Conditioning

Question 12

Conditioning Processes : Extinction

Question 13

Conditioning Processes : Spontaneous Recovery

Answer 13

the reappearance of a conditioned response after a pause, suggested its not forgotten but stoped responding bc figured a worthless act

Question 14

Conditioning Processes : Generalization

Answer 14

tendency to respond to stimuli that are similar but not exactly the same as the conditioned stimulus

Question 15

Conditioning Processes : Discrimination

Question 16

In Operant Conditioning organisms _______ their own actions with _______

Answer 16

1. associate
2. consequences

Question 17

Actions followed by reinforcers ________

Actions followed by punishers _________

Answer 17

1. increase
2. decrease

Question 18

Operant Behavior

Answer 18

Behavior that acts on the environment to produce rewarding or punishing stimuli

behavior that leads to either side of the reinforcement or punishment

Question 19

Operant Conditioning

Answer 19

A type of learning where behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer and diminished if followed by punishment

Question 20

Reinforcement

Answer 20

refers to any event that strengthens or increases the frequency of a preceding response

Question 21

Shaping

Answer 21

is a procedure in which reinforcers gradually guide one’s actions toward a desired behavior

Question 22

ADD BF SKINNER AND RATS HERE

Question 23

ADD BF SKINNER AND RATS HERE

Question 24

Basic Processes of Operant Learning : Acquisition

Question 25

Basic Processes of Operant Learning : Extinction

Question 26

Basic Processes of Operant Learning : Generalization

Question 27

Basic Processes of Operant Learning : Discrimination

Question 28

Positive Reinforcement

Answer 28

strengthens a response by presenting a typically pleasant stimulus after a response.

Question 29

Negative Reinforcement

Answer 29

strengthens a response by reducing or removing something undesirable or unpleasant.

ex: taking Advil to get rid of headache

Question 30

Punishment

Answer 30

Decreases the frequency of a preceding behavior

Question 31

Reinforcement vs Punishment

Answer 31

Reinforcement strengthens the likelihood of behavior

Punishments gets you to do something less often or less intensely

Question 32

4 Schedules of Reinforcement :