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Anatomy and Physiology: Exam 2 > Lecture 8: Joints & Joint Injuries > Flashcards

Lecture 8: Joints & Joint Injuries Flashcards

1
Q

Intervertebral Joints

A

Facet Joints,
Intervertebral Discs,
C1/C2 Exception

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2
Q

C1/C2 Exception

A 
Pivot Joint (allows for rotation),
Gliding Diarthroses
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3
Q

C1/C2

A

Atlantoaxial Joint,

C1 articulates with occipital condyles superiorly and C2 inferiorly

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4
Q

Anterior Longitudinal Ligament

A

Anterior surface of vertebral bodies

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5
Q

Posterior Longitudinal Ligament

A

Posterior surface of vertebral bodies

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6
Q

Ligamentum Flavum

A

Posterior to spinal cord,

Filled with yellow/elastin

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7
Q

Intervertebral Discs

A

Not between C1 and C2,
Starts between C2 and C3,
Ends at L5 and sacrum

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8
Q

IVD Herniation

A

Tough rings of fibrocartilage,
Torn rings create weak IVD,
Torn rings leads to leakage of nucleus pulposus

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9
Q

Whiplash

A

Sprain/strain injury to neck (ligaments, capsules, discs)

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10
Q

The Pectoral Girdle’s Other Name

A

Shoulder Girdle

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11
Q

Acromioclavicular Joint (AC)

A

AC Sprain,
Acromion process of scapula and clavicle,
Clavicle can pop up

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12
Q

The Shoulder Joint’s Other Name

A

Glenohumeral Joint

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13
Q

Glenoid Labrum

A

Cartilage provides more of a socket,
Deepens socket of glenoid cavity,
Extends past the bone

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14
Q

Rotator Cuff Muscles

A 
Supraspinatus Muscle,
Infraspinatus Muscle,
Teres Minor Muscle,
Subscapularis Muscle,
Surround humerus
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15
Q

Rotator Cuff

A

Tendons of the four rotator cuff muscles come together to form the ‘rotator cuff’ and the head of humerus

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16
Q

Labral Tear

A

Tear usually at the superior labrum

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17
Q

What Type of Joint is the Pectoral Girdle?

A

Sternalclavicular diarthroses joint

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18
Q

What Does the Pectoral Girdle Connect?

A

Arm to the body,

Axial skeleton only at manubrium

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19
Q

What Does the Pectoral Girdle Consist of?

A

2 Clavicles and 2 Scapulae

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20
Q

What is the Shoulder Joint Supported By?

A

Supported by glenoid labrum/rotator cuff

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21
Q

The Shoulder Joint

A 
Allows more motion than any other joint,
Least stable (no bony support),
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22
Q

What Type of Joint is the Elbow?

A

Stable hinge joint diarthroses

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23
Q

What Are the 3 Articulations of the Elbow Joint?

A

Humeroulnar Joint,
Humeroradial Joint,
Radioulnar Joint,
All in 1 joint capsule

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24
Q

Humeroulnar Joint of Elbow

A

Largest articulation,
Trochlea of humerus and trochlear notch of ulna,
Limited movement

25
Q

Humeroradial Joint

A

Small articulations

Capitulum of humerus and head of radius

26
Q

Radioulnar Joint

A

Pivot joint diarthroses

27
Q

3 Supporting Structures of the Elbow Joint

A

Biceps Brachii Muscle,
Triceps Brachii Muscle,
Elbow Ligaments

28
Q

Biceps Brachii Muscle

A

Attached to radial tuberosity,
Controls elbow motion (flexes),
Medial Epicondyle

29
Q

Triceps Brachii Muscle

A

Extends,

Lateral Epicondyle

30
Q

Elbow Ligaments

A

Radial Collateral,
Annular (wraps around head of radius),
Ulnar Collateral

31
Q

Wrist Ligaments

A

Mostly gliding joints

32
Q

Pelvic Girdle

A

Transfers weight of body to lower extremities

33
Q

What Type of Joint is the Hip Joint?

A

Strong ball-and-socket diarthroses

34
Q

Hip Joint

A

More stability, less mobility than shoulder,
Wide range of motion,
Ligament of femoral head and labrum

35
Q

Hip Injuries (4)

A

Dislocations,
Labrum tears,
Strains,
Fractures of femoral neck

36
Q

What Type of Joint is the Knee Joint?

A

Hinge Joint Diarthroses

37
Q

The Knee Joint

A

Easy to damage if hit from side,

Transfers weight from femur to tibia

38
Q

Articulations of the Knee Joint

A

2 Femur-Tibia (medial/lateral epicondyles),

1 between patella and patellar surface to femur

39
Q

Ligaments of the Knee Joint

A

Anterior and Posterior Cruciate Ligaments,
Medial Collateral Ligament,
Lateral Collateral Ligament

40
Q

Anterior/Posterior Cruciate Ligament of Knee Joint

A

Form an X inside the joint capsule

41
Q

Medial Collateral Ligament of Knee Joint

A

Tibial,

Prevent knee from going side to side

42
Q

Lateral Collateral Ligament of Knee Joint

A

Fibular

43
Q

Menisci of Knee Joint

A

Medial and Lateral,
Make joint less likely to open up and prevent the tibia/fibula from moving,
Usually opposite ligament/menisci are torn because they’re the one that bends

44
Q

Medial and Later Menisci of Knee

A

Fibrous wedge-shaped cartilage pads,
Femur-Tibia articulations,
Cushion and stabilize joint,
Give lateral support

45
Q

The Ankle

A

Lateral ligaments

46
Q

Lateral Ligaments of the Ankle

A

Anterior Talofibular Ligament,
Calcaneofibular Ligament,
Posterior Talofibulor Ligament

47
Q

Arthritis

A

Inflammation of a Joint

48
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

Damage to a synovial joint

49
Q

Characteristics of Osteoarthritis

A 
Bones not as lined up,
Narrowing joint space,
Thinner hyaline cartilage between bones,
Possible bone spurs,
Develops over many years/decades
50
Q

Rheumatoid Arthritis

A

WBC start attacking own cells/tissues (synovial membranes and hyaline cartilage),
Not normal wear/tear or injury

51
Q

Most Common Place for Rheumatoid Arthritis

A

Hands/wrist

52
Q

Characteristics of Rheumatoid Arthritis

A

Symmetrical/Bilateral,
Bones not lined up,
Possible dislocation,
Decrease in joint space

53
Q

Gout

A

Uric acid crystals form on bone,

No previous injury though it looks like it

54
Q

Uric Acid

A

Breaks down purines

55
Q

Most Common Place for Gout

A

Metatarsal phalangeal joint

56
Q

What Can Increase Uric Acid Crystals?

A

Dehydration and Alcohol Consumption

57
Q

Arthroscopy

A

Using an arthroscope to take a look inside and repair a joint

58
Q

Arthroplasty

A

Surgical repair/replacement of a joint,
Used more commonly for osteoarthritis,
Lasts 12-15 years

Anatomy and Physiology: Exam 2 (5 decks)

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