Lecture 8: Joints & Joint Injuries Flashcards
Intervertebral Joints
Facet Joints,
Intervertebral Discs,
C1/C2 Exception
C1/C2 Exception
Pivot Joint (allows for rotation), Gliding Diarthroses
C1/C2
Atlantoaxial Joint,
C1 articulates with occipital condyles superiorly and C2 inferiorly
Anterior Longitudinal Ligament
Anterior surface of vertebral bodies
Posterior Longitudinal Ligament
Posterior surface of vertebral bodies
Ligamentum Flavum
Posterior to spinal cord,
Filled with yellow/elastin
Intervertebral Discs
Not between C1 and C2,
Starts between C2 and C3,
Ends at L5 and sacrum
IVD Herniation
Tough rings of fibrocartilage,
Torn rings create weak IVD,
Torn rings leads to leakage of nucleus pulposus
Whiplash
Sprain/strain injury to neck (ligaments, capsules, discs)
The Pectoral Girdle’s Other Name
Shoulder Girdle
Acromioclavicular Joint (AC)
AC Sprain,
Acromion process of scapula and clavicle,
Clavicle can pop up
The Shoulder Joint’s Other Name
Glenohumeral Joint
Glenoid Labrum
Cartilage provides more of a socket,
Deepens socket of glenoid cavity,
Extends past the bone
Rotator Cuff Muscles
Supraspinatus Muscle, Infraspinatus Muscle, Teres Minor Muscle, Subscapularis Muscle, Surround humerus
Rotator Cuff
Tendons of the four rotator cuff muscles come together to form the ‘rotator cuff’ and the head of humerus
Labral Tear
Tear usually at the superior labrum
What Type of Joint is the Pectoral Girdle?
Sternalclavicular diarthroses joint
What Does the Pectoral Girdle Connect?
Arm to the body,
Axial skeleton only at manubrium
What Does the Pectoral Girdle Consist of?
2 Clavicles and 2 Scapulae
What is the Shoulder Joint Supported By?
Supported by glenoid labrum/rotator cuff
The Shoulder Joint
Allows more motion than any other joint, Least stable (no bony support),
What Type of Joint is the Elbow?
Stable hinge joint diarthroses
What Are the 3 Articulations of the Elbow Joint?
Humeroulnar Joint,
Humeroradial Joint,
Radioulnar Joint,
All in 1 joint capsule
Humeroulnar Joint of Elbow
Largest articulation,
Trochlea of humerus and trochlear notch of ulna,
Limited movement
Humeroradial Joint
Small articulations
Capitulum of humerus and head of radius
Radioulnar Joint
Pivot joint diarthroses
3 Supporting Structures of the Elbow Joint
Biceps Brachii Muscle,
Triceps Brachii Muscle,
Elbow Ligaments
Biceps Brachii Muscle
Attached to radial tuberosity,
Controls elbow motion (flexes),
Medial Epicondyle
Triceps Brachii Muscle
Extends,
Lateral Epicondyle
Elbow Ligaments
Radial Collateral,
Annular (wraps around head of radius),
Ulnar Collateral
Wrist Ligaments
Mostly gliding joints
Pelvic Girdle
Transfers weight of body to lower extremities
What Type of Joint is the Hip Joint?
Strong ball-and-socket diarthroses
Hip Joint
More stability, less mobility than shoulder,
Wide range of motion,
Ligament of femoral head and labrum
Hip Injuries (4)
Dislocations,
Labrum tears,
Strains,
Fractures of femoral neck
What Type of Joint is the Knee Joint?
Hinge Joint Diarthroses
The Knee Joint
Easy to damage if hit from side,
Transfers weight from femur to tibia
Articulations of the Knee Joint
2 Femur-Tibia (medial/lateral epicondyles),
1 between patella and patellar surface to femur
Ligaments of the Knee Joint
Anterior and Posterior Cruciate Ligaments,
Medial Collateral Ligament,
Lateral Collateral Ligament
Anterior/Posterior Cruciate Ligament of Knee Joint
Form an X inside the joint capsule
Medial Collateral Ligament of Knee Joint
Tibial,
Prevent knee from going side to side
Lateral Collateral Ligament of Knee Joint
Fibular
Menisci of Knee Joint
Medial and Lateral,
Make joint less likely to open up and prevent the tibia/fibula from moving,
Usually opposite ligament/menisci are torn because they’re the one that bends
Medial and Later Menisci of Knee
Fibrous wedge-shaped cartilage pads,
Femur-Tibia articulations,
Cushion and stabilize joint,
Give lateral support
The Ankle
Lateral ligaments
Lateral Ligaments of the Ankle
Anterior Talofibular Ligament,
Calcaneofibular Ligament,
Posterior Talofibulor Ligament
Arthritis
Inflammation of a Joint
Osteoarthritis
Damage to a synovial joint
Characteristics of Osteoarthritis
Bones not as lined up, Narrowing joint space, Thinner hyaline cartilage between bones, Possible bone spurs, Develops over many years/decades
Rheumatoid Arthritis
WBC start attacking own cells/tissues (synovial membranes and hyaline cartilage),
Not normal wear/tear or injury
Most Common Place for Rheumatoid Arthritis
Hands/wrist
Characteristics of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Symmetrical/Bilateral,
Bones not lined up,
Possible dislocation,
Decrease in joint space
Gout
Uric acid crystals form on bone,
No previous injury though it looks like it
Uric Acid
Breaks down purines
Most Common Place for Gout
Metatarsal phalangeal joint
What Can Increase Uric Acid Crystals?
Dehydration and Alcohol Consumption
Arthroscopy
Using an arthroscope to take a look inside and repair a joint
Arthroplasty
Surgical repair/replacement of a joint,
Used more commonly for osteoarthritis,
Lasts 12-15 years
