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Anatomy and Physiology: Exam 2 > Lecture 10: Muscular System > Flashcards

Lecture 10: Muscular System Flashcards

1
Q

Origin Of A Muscle

A

Point where fixed end attaches,

Proximal end

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2
Q

Belly Of A Muscle

A

Body,

Middle

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3
Q

Insertion Of A Muscle

A

Point where moveable end attaches,

Distal End

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4
Q

Parallel Skeletal Muscle Shape

A

Fascicles are parallel to the long axis of the muscle

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5
Q

Example Of A Parallel Skeletal Muscle

A

Biceps Brachii

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6
Q

Convergent Skeletal Muscle Shape

A

Fascicles extend over broad area converging on a common attachment (tendon)

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7
Q

Example Of A Convergent Skeletal Muscle

A

Pectoralis Major

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8
Q

Circular Skeletal Muscle Shape

A

Concentrically arranged around an opening and rarely have tendons

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9
Q

Example Of A Circular Skeletal Muscle

A

Orbicularis Oris

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10
Q

Pennate Skeletal Muscle Shape

A

Fascicles form a common angle from the tendon

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11
Q

Unipennate Skeletal Muscle Shape

A

Same side of tendon

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12
Q

Example of Unipennate Skeletal Muscle

A

Extensor Digitorum

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13
Q

Bipennate Skeletal Muscle Shape

A

Both sides of the tendon

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14
Q

Example of Bipennate Skeletal Muscle

A

Rectus Femoris

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15
Q

Multipennate Skeletal Muscle Shape

A

Tendon branches within the pennate muscle,

Multiple tendons that converge to another tendon at insertion

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16
Q

Example of Multipennate Skeletal Muscle

A

Deltoid Muscle

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17
Q

Bipennate Shaped Muscles Allow For…

A

More fibers and more tension,

Also produce greater tension in tendon than parallel fibers due to more muscle fibers involved

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18
Q

Agonist

A

Prime mover,

Chiefly responsible for producing a movement

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19
Q

Synergist

A

Helps larger agonist work more efficiently

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20
Q

Antagonist

A

Muscle that opposes an agonist

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21
Q

Fixator

A

Form of a synergist,

Prevents movement at another joint

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22
Q

Prime Mover in Elbow Flexion

A

Biceps Brachii

23
Q

Synergist in Elbow Flexion

A

Brachialis

24
Q

Antagonist in Elbow Flexion

A

Triceps Brachii

25
Q

Fixators in Elbow Flexion

A

Deltoid, Rotator Cuff, Rhomboids

26
Q

Isometric Muscle Action

A

Contraction with no joint movement

27
Q

Isotonic Muscle Action

A

Contraction with a change in muscle length

28
Q

Concentric Muscle Action

A

Type of Isotonic Action,
Shortens under tension,
Tension exceeds the resistance and the muscle shortens

29
Q

Eccentric Muscle Action

A

Lengthens during contraction,

Tension developed is less than load and muscle undergoes controlled lengthening

30
Q

Intrinsic Muscles

A

Inside body part where movement is happening

31
Q

Extrinsic Muscles

A

Originate far from where action occurs

Outside of moving body part

32
Q

Muscles of Mastication (4)

A 
Chewing muscles,
Masseter,
Temporalis,
Medial pterygoid,
Lateral pterygoid
33
Q

Muscles of the Abdomen (4)

A

Rectus Abdominis,
External Oblique,
Internal Oblique,
Transversus Abdominis

34
Q

Rectus Abdominis

A

6 pack abs,
Allow for trunk flexion,
Most superficial layer

35
Q

External Oblique

A

Side of body,

Superficial layer

36
Q

Internal Oblique

A

Side of body,

Deeper than external obliques

37
Q

Transversus Abdominis

A

Primary core muscle,
Deepest abdominal muscle,
First to contract with most movements of body

38
Q

Muscles of the Back (3)

A

Erector Spinae,
Multifidis,
Quadratus Lumborum

39
Q

Erector Spinae

A

Extension of spine,
Normal posture,
3 muscle groups,
Hold body upright

40
Q

Multifidis

A

Slight extension or rotation,

SLIM

41
Q

Quadratus Lumborum

A

Flexes vertebral column and depresses ribs,

Hip hiker

42
Q

Rotator Cuff Muscles (4)

A

Supraspinatus,
Infraspinatus,
Teres Minor,
Subscapularis

43
Q

Supraspinatus Movement

A

Abduction,

Lifts humerus

44
Q

Infraspinatus Movement

A

Lateral Rotation,

Pull arm out

45
Q

Teres Minor Movement

A

Lateral Rotation,

Pull arm out

46
Q

Subscapularis

A

Medial Rotation,

Pull arm in

47
Q

Supinator Muscle Action

A

Supinates

48
Q

Anterior Muscles Acting On Hip

A

Iliopsoas, primary flexion

49
Q

Lateral Thigh Muscles

A

Tensor Fasciae Latae

50
Q

Tendon of the Tensor Fasciae Latae

A

Iliotibial Tract

51
Q

Gerdy’s Tubercle

A

Anterolateral tubercle on proximal tibia,

Insertion of the iliotibial band

52
Q

Flexors of the Knee (3)

A

Biceps femoris,
Semintendinosis,
Semimembranosis

53
Q

Pes Anserine

A

On tibia,
Goose Foot,
Insertion for 3 muscles

54
Q

Extensors of the Knee (4)

A

Rectus Femoris,
Vastus Lateralis,
Vastus Intermedius,
Vastus Medialis

Anatomy and Physiology: Exam 2 (5 decks)

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