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Anatomy and Physiology: Exam 2 > Lecture 7: Arthrology 2 > Flashcards

Lecture 7: Arthrology 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Synovial Joints

A 
Diarthroses,
Freely Movable Joints,
At ends of the long bones,
Have articular capsules,
Lined with synovial membrane
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2
Q

Articular Capsules

A

Dense irregular connective tissue proper,

Surrounds synovial joint

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3
Q

Structure of Articular Capsules

A

Outer layer of dense irregular connective tissue,

Inner layer of synovial membrane

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4
Q

Synovial Membrane

A

Loose connective tissue (outer layer) and a layer of secretory epithelial cells (inner layer),
Epithelial cells and fibroblasts secrete synovial fluid

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5
Q

Synovial Fluid

A 
Decrease friction,
Lubrication,
Nutrient distribution,
Shock absorption to prevent bones from coming together and compressing,
Contains slippery molecules
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6
Q

Articular Cartilages

A

Cover articulating surfaces,
Hyaline cartilage,
Prevent bones from touching,
Smooth surface

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7
Q

Cartilages as Accessory Structure

A

Cushion the joint,

Contain meniscus

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8
Q

Menisci of Knee

A

Fibrous cartilage pad,
Provides stability,
Lateral/medial side,
Articular disc

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9
Q

Fat Pads of Knee

A

Superficial to join capsule,
Protect articular cartilages,
Cushions knee joint

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10
Q

Ligaments

A

Support/strengthen joints,
Connect bone to bone,
Dense regular connective tissue proper

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11
Q

Tendons

A

Attach to muscles around joint,
Help support joint,
Move joint,
Dense regular connective tissue proper

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12
Q

Bursae

A

Pockets of synovial fluid ‘pillows’,
Cushion areas where tendons/ligaments rub,
Located in regions of high friction,
Layer of synovial membrane filled with synovial fluid,
Where the tendons and ligaments are

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13
Q

Dislocation

A

Luxation,
Forced out of position,
2 Joints out of line with each other,
Articulating surfaces forced out of position,
Damages articular cartilage, ligaments, joint capsules

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14
Q

Sublaxation

A

Partial dislocation,

Joints somewhat in contact

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15
Q

Sprain

A

Causes less stability,
Injury to a ligament, causes permanent elongation,
Tearing of collagen fibers,
Plastic deformation

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16
Q

Plastic Deformation

A

Stretching beyond capabilities without snapping back

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17
Q

Strain

A

Injury to a tendon and/or muscle,
Tearing of collagen fibers,
Partial tear vs complete tear,
Muscle/tendon pulls off bone and may need surgery

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18
Q

Types of Dynamic Motion

A

Linear Motion,
Angular Motion,
Rotation,
Circumduction

19
Q

Planes of Dynamic Motion

A

Monaxial,
Biaxial,
Triaxial

20
Q

Linear Joint Movement

A

Gliding,

One surface glides over another

21
Q

Angular Joint Motion

A

Flexion,
Extension,
Abduction,
Adduction

22
Q

Anatomical Hyperextension

A

Beyond anatomical position but without pain or injury/damage

23
Q

Clinical Hyperextension

A

Beyond normal range of motion resulting in injury

24
Q

Opposition

A

Thumb across palm

25
Q

Circumduction

A

Bone describes the shape of a cone and distal end of bone forms a circle

26
Q

Rotation

A

Movement around a vertical axis,
Internal/external rotation,
Left/right rotation at C1 and C2,
Pronation/supination of forearm

27
Q

Gliding Joints

A

Plane Joints,
Flattened or slightly curved faces,
Limited motion (non axial),
Tough capsules and ligaments

28
Q

Examples of Gliding Joints

A 
Acromioclavicular Joints,
Claviculosternal Joints,
Intercarparl/Intertarsal Joints,
Vertebrocostal Joints,
Sacroiliac Joints
29
Q

Acromioclavicular Joints

A

Acromion Process and Clavicle

30
Q

Claviculosternal Joints

A

Clavicle and Manubrium of Sternum

31
Q

Intercarpal/Intertarsal Joints

A

Between carpal/tarsal bones

32
Q

Vertebrocostal Joints

A

Vertebrae and Joints

33
Q

Sacroiliac Joint

A

Sacrum and Illium

34
Q

Hinge Joints

A

Angular motion in a single plane

35
Q

Example of Hinge Joints

A

Elbow,
Knee,
Ankle,
Interphalangeal

36
Q

Pivot Joints

A

Rotation only (monaxial)

37
Q

Examples of Pivot Joints

A

Atlas/Axis,

Proximal radio-ulnar joint

38
Q

Ellipsoid Joints

A

Similar to shallow ball-and-socket,
Oval articular face within a depression,
Motion in 2 planes (biaxial)

39
Q

Examples of Ellipsoid Joints

A

Radiocarparl Joints,
Metacarpophalangeal Joints 2-5,
Metatarsophalangeal Joints

40
Q

Saddle Joints

A

Two concave, straddled (biaxial)

41
Q

Example of Saddle Joints

A

First caropometacarpal joint

42
Q

Ball-And-Socket Joints

A

Round articular face in a depression (triaxial),
Flexion/extention,
Abduction/Adduction,
Rotation

43
Q

Example of Ball-And-Socket Joints

A

Shoulder,

Hip

Anatomy and Physiology: Exam 2 (5 decks)

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