Lecture 8 - Generation of Antibody Flashcards
What cells make Antibody?
By plasma cells
Where do plasma cells originate from?
They differentiate from B cells
What adaptations of a plasma cells allow it to perform its job efficiently?
have lots of Rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus
What happens to B-cells that interact strongly with self-antigens?
They are eliminated in the bone marrow before they mature
What happens to B-cells once they are activated?
They proliferate and become plasma cells or memory cells
What two signals do B-cells need to become activated? [2]
- Recognition by antigen specific Ig molecule
- T-cell dependent stimulation
Where do B-cells meet antigens?
Lymph nodes
Where do activated B-cells move to in the lymph node?
Towards the paracortex/cortex border
How does a B-cell process antigens?
Presents them on its surface in a MHC class II molecule
Which antibody is made first by plasma cells?
IgM
How do plasma cells make other types of antibody?
They undergo class switching
Where do activated B-cells and Tfh cells move after some time?
To regions of the lymph node called primary follicles
What is the purpose of Follicular dendritic cells?
- They form networks throughout the primary follicle
- They hold antigen/antibody complexes in nodules called iccosomes
The follicular dendritic cells promote the formation of iccosomes into […].
Germinal centres
What do B-cells do once they are inside the germinal centres?
They start to proliferate
During this proliferation the undergo […].
Affinity maturation
What happens to a centrocyte that doesn’t have high enough affinity for an antigen?
It will die
What happens to centrocytes that have high affinity for an antigen?
They meet with activated Th cells and differentiate into plasma cells or memory cells
What is class switching?
- Where B-cells change its heavy chain constant region from IgM to something else
- Keeps the variable chain the same
What controls class switching?
- CD4 T helper cells
- Cytokines
Where does production of Memory cells occur?
In the apical light zone of the germinal centre
