Lecture 15 - Immunological Memory and Vaccination Flashcards
What is immunological memory?
When a Specific antigen recognition is remembered or retained by the adaptive immune system
What is the primary response like to a infection?
Often slow and weak
What is the secondary response to an infection like?
A greater and more rapid repsonse
True or False? The secondary response has higher levels of IgG than IgM.
True
What changes are associated with the gain of adaptive immunity? []
- Expansion of clones (T-cell and B-cells)
- Enhanced migration and re-stimulation
- Survival and maintenance of clones
How are memory cells generated?
B-cells that have already undergone class switching and maturation are just saved
What features separate Naive B-cells from memory B-cells? [4]
- They are only in spleen
- They are short lived
- They have lower receptor affinity
- They have low adhesion to molecules (low ICAM-1)
What happens when T helper cells are stimulated by antigen?
- They proliferate
- The produce survival factors and cytokines
- Change surface receptor expression
- Acquire help from B-cells cytotoxic lymphocytes, and macrophages
What happens to activated CD8+ Tc cells?
- They proliferate, change surface protein expression, and secrete cytokines
- Differentiate into T killer cells
What are the two theories of memory T cell generation? [2]
- Divergent (Both effector cell and memory cell made at the same time)
- Linear (Effector cell made first then memory cell made from effector)
How are memory T-cells maintained?
Mediated by IL-15 and IL-7
True or False? Most activated T-cells are programmed to die.
True
What principle does vaccination rely on?
Immune memory
How does vaccination work?
- Introducing the infection in a dead/weakened state
- Generates antibodies, induces T-cell and B-cell memory
What to vaccines are recommended for pregnant women?
- Whooping cough
- Flu vaccine
