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Sociology 150 > Lecture 8 Gender > Flashcards

Lecture 8 Gender Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is gender

A

the socially constructed roles, behaviours, activists, and attributes that a given society considers appropriate for men and women

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2
Q

what is sex

A

the biological and physiological characteristics that define men and women

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3
Q

what is the difference between sex and gender

A

gender is something that is performed, sex is an innate feature of our bodies

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4
Q

what is gender identity

A

an inner sense of belonging to one, several, or no particular gender(s)

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5
Q

what are gender roles

A

the behavior, attitudes and markers ascribed to men and women by society

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6
Q

what is an example of male gender roles

A

authoritative, and confident

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7
Q

what is an example of female gender roles

A

emotionally expressive, traditional femininity, (bad bitches)

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8
Q

how do we learn gender

A

an early age, and over the life course, we imitate, reject, and approximate different gender roles via primary and secondary socialization

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9
Q

how does media reinforce gender expectations (specific example)

A

movies like top gun link masculinity to power

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10
Q

who do we perform gender for

A

audience members ranging from friends, family and intimate partners to workplace colleagues, the states, medical professionals..

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11
Q

what do sociologists understand gender as

A

something that is accomplished, not something innate

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12
Q

what two main sociologists published work on gender

A

West and Zimmerman

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13
Q

how does gender perform relate to crime response

A

police may use “risk taking behavior” as a way to show a failure to perform gender rather than blaming a particular crime

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14
Q

how media portrayals of white women vs indigenous women differ

A

When gender conforming white women go missing, they’re pictures tend to be profiled larger, they are given first and last name, as well as an extensive description on their life. While indigenous women who may not conform to gender roles, stories are brief, news reports are brief, and posters do not communicate as well

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15
Q

how is gender accomplished

A

clothes, hairstyles, speech, vocal pitch, word choice, tastes, emotional expressiveness

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16
Q

how does gender roles affect sexual assault victims

A

Many sexual assault victims may be deemed as not “doing gender” correctly resulting in the crime

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17
Q

what are negative gender assessments of men

A

Imperiled job security
Imperiled sexual capital
Fragile social status

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18
Q

what are positive gender assessments of men

A

Feminine capital
Enhanced sexual capital
Social status/cachet/competency

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19
Q

explain the example of tom and gender roles

A

Tom, may own his own construction company, unaware of the web of actors, he’s single and lives a tame life in vancouver. He identifies as gay, and from a young age he is mistreated for not conforming to masculine standards. “Real boys don’t cry”, “be a man”. The impossible to obtain masculine standards to never express emotion, have a very profound negative mental health impact. Can lead to self-esteem issues

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20
Q

what are the negative gender assessments for women

A

Imperiled job security
Imperiled sexual capital via feminization and homophobia
Fragile social status

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21
Q

what are the positive gender assessment for women

A

Masculine capital
Patriarchal dividend
social status/cachet/ ad competency

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22
Q

what is jock insurance

A

Young men who don’t conform to bodily and character traits of masculinity, if they were good ad sports, jock insurance prevents negative gender attributions

23
Q

who coined the term jock insurance

A

Pascoe

24
Q

what is hegemonic masculinity

A

configuration of gender practice which embodies the currently accepted answer to the problem of the legitimacy of patriarchy

25
Q

how coined the term hegemonic masculinity

A

Connell

26
Q

what is subordinate masculinities

A

masculine gender practices that are deemed inferior

27
Q

what is an example of subordinate masculinites

A

not straight identifying

28
Q

what is marginalized masculinities

A

gender practices taken up by men in subordinated racial and ethnic social locations

29
Q

what is complicit masculinities

A

which support gender hegemony and reap the patriarchal dividend without being “on the frontlines” of the status quo defense

30
Q

how doe toxic masculinity and hegemonic masculinity differ

A

hegemonic masculinity changes over time, and toxic masculinity doesn’t

31
Q

what is emphasized femininities

A

configurations of gender practice that are organized as an adaption to men’s power

32
Q

what are examples of emphasized femininities

A

emphasizing compliance, nurturance, and empathy as womanly virtues

33
Q

how do women have access to the patriarchal dividend

A

it is indirect

34
Q

what is heterosexual matrix

A

a hegemonic discursive/epistemic model of gender intelligibility through which bodies, genders, and desires are naturalized as heterosexual

35
Q

who coined the term the heterosexual matrix

A

Judith Butler

36
Q

what are examples of the heterosexual matrix

A

anti-gay sentiment, particularly homophobic bullying of gay teens and discrimination against gay men

37
Q

what does intersectionality provide

A

framework for theorizing intergender relationships of power between masculinity and between femininities

38
Q

how does racism and classism relate to gender

A

Racism and classism shape which gender scripts are available to whom, and upon whose bodies certain scripts are “legible”

39
Q

how does the assessment of male gender affect society

A

The assessment of male gender creates positive cultural valorization, productive work as master status, instrumental role; absence of emotionality. Will experience patriarchal dividends: wealth, prestige, social cachet associated with masculinity. Mental health impacts of impossibles masculine norms

40
Q

how does the assessment of female gender affect society

A

The assessment of female gender creates negative cultural valorization, “motherwork” (broadly defined) as master status, “expressive” role; emotionality. Will experience marginalization in the paid labor force; unequal access to wealth, prestige, social cachet, and symbolic and physical violence

41
Q

how is gender related to social life

A

gender is an embedded feature of social life, gender shapes life chances

42
Q

what is cissexism

A

discrimination against transgender people

43
Q

what is cisnormativity

A

cultural/societal bias, often implicit, that assumes all people are cisgender and so privileges cisgender identities and ignores of underrepresents gender variance

44
Q

what is gender binarism

A

the idea that only two genders exist

45
Q

how does gender effect the patriarchy and cissexism

A

Patriarchy and cissexism is built off of male domination, gender binarism, and the notion of stable unitary gender identities “natural”

46
Q

what is gender fluid

A

describes a person whose gender identity changes over time and contexts

47
Q

how would a conflict theorists see gender difference

A

romanticizing gender difference, women’s dependence on men, and marriage keeps a flexible low or no wage labor force ready to subsidize productive work

48
Q

how would a functionalist theorist see gender difference

A

A functionalist theorist might say the social genderings is universal and inevitable as most effective and efficient to carry out a society’s tasks of reproduction and socialization

49
Q

how would a symbolic interactionism theorist see gender difference

A

representations are useful artifacts with which to understand and theorize the state of play in gender relation and inequalities at a given moment and place

50
Q

how would a feminist theorist see gender difference

A

representations blunt the potential for a liberatory multiracial feminism

51
Q

what are men and women’s experience in industrial societies

A

men were more likely to be paid in employment while women were more likely to be homemakers

52
Q

what is pay gap between racialized women and white women

A

racialized women earn 12% less than white women

53
Q

what is the pay gap between immigrant women and Canadian born women

A

immigrant women earn 23.2% less

54
Q

what group of women earn more than typical women

A

lesbian women

Sociology 150 (6 decks)

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