Lecture 11 Global Inequalities

Question 1

what is a global village

Answer 1

a result of globalization, the increasing spread of culture, commodities, capital, and people across national boundaries

Question 2

what is globalization

Answer 2

the process by which people and institutions across the planet became increasingly aware of, and dependent on, one another

Question 3

what are the three driving forces of globalization

Answer 3

technology, politics, economics

Question 4

how does technology drive globalization

Answer 4

technological problems facilities international movement of goods and information, quickly, and inexpensively

Question 5

how does politics drive globalization

Answer 5

technology alone does not facilitate international trade and relationships; politics and relationships between governments are crucial in shaping global interconnection (or lack thereof)

Question 6

how does economics drive globalization

Answer 6

capitalism is highly mobile, and constantly in search of cheap labor, new markets, and higher profit; as such, capitalist competition facilities international integration

Question 7

what is global south

Answer 7

the regions characterized (with some expectations) as low income, with greater inequality, and often politically unstable

Question 8

what is global north

Answer 8

the regions characterized (with some expectations) as wealthier, with less inequality and often politically more stable

Question 9

what is the human development index

Answer 9

The human development index is a statistical tool to measure and rank countries level of social development in addition to economic development

Question 10

what are the three important measures of well-being

Answer 10

Life expectancy: longevity
Human capital
Standard of living

Question 11

what is global commodity chain

Answer 11

worldwide “network of labor and production processes, whose end result is a finished commodity”

Question 12

how does nike exploit global wealth gaps

Answer 12

nike manufacture abroad, quite literally “capitalizing” on low labor costs, few worker and environmental protections

Question 13

what do traditional corporations rely on

Answer 13

domestic labor and domestic production

Question 14

what do transnational corporations rely on

Answer 14

foreign labor and foreign production

Question 15

what do traditional corporations emphasize on

Answer 15

natural resources or manufacture industrial goods

Question 16

what do transnational corporations emphasize

Answer 16

skills and advances in design, technology, and management

Question 17

who do traditional corporations sell to

Answer 17

domestic markets

Question 18

who do transnational corporations sell to

Answer 18

world markets

Question 19

what is mcdonaldization

Answer 19

the process by which the principles of the fast food restaurant are coming to dominate more and more sectors of american society as well as of the rest of the world

Question 20

how has mcdonaldization led to the growth of bad jobs

Answer 20

Fast food industry has disenfranchised meat processors, butchers, independent cattle farms, and skilled chefs, replacing them with largely interchangeable and unskilled workers

Question 21

how has the growth of bad jobs effected Mexican immigrants

Answer 21

Mexican Immigrants being paid some of the lowes wages in the U.S., to work dangerous jobs in meatpacking plants

Question 22

how would a functionalist approach modernization theory

Answer 22

Functional theorists have proposed that societies evolve and prosper through increases differentiation and co-operation, and at the center of these processes are so-called market forces

Question 23

what is neoliberalism

Answer 23

the idea that the state should only intervene minimally in the economy because market forces alone will maintain a stable economy

Question 24

what is modernity

Answer 24

an era in which everything new is value, associated with the increases influence of rationalism, individualization, secularism, democracy, and capitalism

Question 25

what is colonialism

Answer 25

a political economic phenomenon in which several european nations explored, conquered, settled, and exploited diverse regions of the world

Question 26

what is newly industrialized countries

Answer 26

countries whose economies are quickly growing and therefore lie between those of developed and developing nations

Question 27

what are the three main aspects of dependency theory

Answer 27

Substantial foreign investment
Support for authoritarian government
Mounting debt

Question 28

what is environmental racism

Answer 28

Environmental racism occurs when minority groups, developing countries, and people of color bear the brunt of the nation’s pollution

Question 29

what is an example of environmental racism

Answer 29

sitting hazardous wastes dumped in areas inhibit primarily by people of color; hiring minorities to work in hazardous industries; exporting toxic waste to impoverished countries; selective law enforcement