Lecture 11 Global Inequalities Flashcards
what is a global village
a result of globalization, the increasing spread of culture, commodities, capital, and people across national boundaries
what is globalization
the process by which people and institutions across the planet became increasingly aware of, and dependent on, one another
what are the three driving forces of globalization
technology, politics, economics
how does technology drive globalization
technological problems facilities international movement of goods and information, quickly, and inexpensively
how does politics drive globalization
technology alone does not facilitate international trade and relationships; politics and relationships between governments are crucial in shaping global interconnection (or lack thereof)
how does economics drive globalization
capitalism is highly mobile, and constantly in search of cheap labor, new markets, and higher profit; as such, capitalist competition facilities international integration
what is global south
the regions characterized (with some expectations) as low income, with greater inequality, and often politically unstable
what is global north
the regions characterized (with some expectations) as wealthier, with less inequality and often politically more stable
what is the human development index
The human development index is a statistical tool to measure and rank countries level of social development in addition to economic development
what are the three important measures of well-being
Life expectancy: longevity
Human capital
Standard of living
what is global commodity chain
worldwide “network of labor and production processes, whose end result is a finished commodity”
how does nike exploit global wealth gaps
nike manufacture abroad, quite literally “capitalizing” on low labor costs, few worker and environmental protections
what do traditional corporations rely on
domestic labor and domestic production
what do transnational corporations rely on
foreign labor and foreign production
what do traditional corporations emphasize on
natural resources or manufacture industrial goods
what do transnational corporations emphasize
skills and advances in design, technology, and management
who do traditional corporations sell to
domestic markets
who do transnational corporations sell to
world markets
what is mcdonaldization
the process by which the principles of the fast food restaurant are coming to dominate more and more sectors of american society as well as of the rest of the world
how has mcdonaldization led to the growth of bad jobs
Fast food industry has disenfranchised meat processors, butchers, independent cattle farms, and skilled chefs, replacing them with largely interchangeable and unskilled workers
how has the growth of bad jobs effected Mexican immigrants
Mexican Immigrants being paid some of the lowes wages in the U.S., to work dangerous jobs in meatpacking plants
how would a functionalist approach modernization theory
Functional theorists have proposed that societies evolve and prosper through increases differentiation and co-operation, and at the center of these processes are so-called market forces
what is neoliberalism
the idea that the state should only intervene minimally in the economy because market forces alone will maintain a stable economy
what is modernity
an era in which everything new is value, associated with the increases influence of rationalism, individualization, secularism, democracy, and capitalism
what is colonialism
a political economic phenomenon in which several european nations explored, conquered, settled, and exploited diverse regions of the world
what is newly industrialized countries
countries whose economies are quickly growing and therefore lie between those of developed and developing nations
what are the three main aspects of dependency theory
Substantial foreign investment
Support for authoritarian government
Mounting debt
what is environmental racism
Environmental racism occurs when minority groups, developing countries, and people of color bear the brunt of the nation’s pollution
what is an example of environmental racism
sitting hazardous wastes dumped in areas inhibit primarily by people of color; hiring minorities to work in hazardous industries; exporting toxic waste to impoverished countries; selective law enforcement
