Lecture 10 Crime and Deviance

Question 1

what is deviance

Answer 1

Breaking a norm and evoking a negative reaction from others

Question 2

what is crime

Answer 2

A form of deviance that breaks the law

Question 3

what were early assumptions about criminology

Answer 3

that is resulted from biology

Question 4

what was Cesare Lomobroso’s theory on criminology

Answer 4

he theorized that criminals stand out physically, with low foreheads, prominent jaws and cheekbones, hairy-ness, and unusually long arms

Question 5

what was William Sheldon’s theory on crime

Answer 5

that body type predicts criminality. usually young, muscular, and athletic men are likely to commit crime

Question 6

what does labels of deviance affect people

Answer 6

people become deviant when others define them that way, they internalize the label and act as such

Question 7

how does social power affect deviance

Answer 7

How societes set norms and how they define rule breaking both involve social power.

Question 8

how does internal social control regulate behavior

Answer 8

through socialization. This form of social control shapes how people think, and results in a view of deviant actions as undesirable

Question 9

how does external social control regulate behavior

Answer 9

by imposing punishments and offering rewards

Question 10

what is informal punishment

Answer 10

may involve raised eyebrows, gossip, ostracism, shaming, or stigmatization

Question 11

what is formal punishment

Answer 11

results from people breaking laws. For example, criminals may be formally punished by being sentences to serve time in prison or perform community service

Question 12

what is the process of criminal acts becoming criminals

Answer 12

an individual’s law-violating behaviors must be observed
This behavior must be deemed to justify a sanction
This behavior must be reported to the police
Police must be response to the incident and determine whether it warrants investigation
Police mst file a report and make an arrest
The accused person must appear in court
A guilty verdict but be rendered

Question 13

true or false: violating the law results in being labeled as a criminal

Answer 13

false, it can but not automatically

Question 14

what is a conflict theorists perspective on crime sanctions

Answer 14

Conflict theorist propose that powerful members of society make and enforce the law to their own advantage

Question 15

what is white-collar crime

Answer 15

comprises the illegal act and misdeed of middle class members of the business world, including corporate crime

Question 16

what is street crime

Answer 16

crimes associated with the public and individual offenders working alone or in small groups rather than large crime structures, such as shoplifting, vandalism, break and enter, car theft, and assault.

Question 17

why do upper class and poor class have different consequences for crime

Answer 17

upper class crime often Takes place in private
Conviction for investment schemes and fraud is much less frequent as the people breaking the law can afford high class lawyer
Law is more lenient to bend rules for rich people

Question 18

what is control theory

Answer 18

theory that nearly everyone would like to have the pleasure, excitement and profit that deviance and crime promise

Question 19

what type of people are suggest by control theorists to be more likely to commit a crime

Answer 19

people who have few social attachments
people with few legitimate life opportunities
people who have limited involvement in conventional institutions
people who have weak beliefs in traditional values and morality

Question 20

how does news and media affect perceptions of crime

Answer 20

News and entertainment media provide us with frames for making sense of crime, criminals, and crime risk.

Question 21

what does a symbolic interactionist see deviance

Answer 21

deviance is a social label that some groups use to stigmatize other groups

Question 22

what is the three stage process in Howard Becker’s monograph “becoming a marihuana user”

Answer 22

Learning to smoke the drug in a way that produces real effects
Learning to recognize the effects and connect them with drug use
Learning to enjoy the perceived sensations. smoking maijuana is not inherently pleasurable

Question 23

what is labelling theory

Answer 23

Labeling theory suggest that deviant behavior results not just from the actions of the deviant but also from the responses of others, who define some actions as deviant and other actions as normal

Question 24

what is an example of labelling theory

Answer 24

Children from “broken homes” are more likely than children from intact nuclear families to be labeled as juvenile delinquents

Question 25

what is moral panic

Answer 25

A moral panic is a condition resulting from social concern over an issue that provokes intense feelings and fears

Question 26

what is a moral entrepreneurs

Answer 26

a promoter of mortality who uses their influence as a rule-makers, campaigners, and enforces to shape public policy

Question 27

who benefits from moral panic?

Answer 27

mass media, entertainment industry, criminal justice system, politicians

Question 28

how did crimes against women change?

Answer 28

changed as women become more powerful in society, i.e criminalization of sexual harassment

Question 29

how does gender affect criminalization

Answer 29

gender shapes how crimes are prosecuted ex. women’s gender performances determine whether they will be granted lighter or harsher than men

Question 30

what is Niles Christie’s classic formula for the ideal victim

Answer 30

they are:
Weak in relation to the offender
Operating in a socially approved manner at the time of their victimization
The offender is a stranger to the victim
The offender is unquestionably bad/evil
The victim meets expected social/gender norms so as not to challenge any vested interests

Question 31

how would a functionalist see deviance and crime

Answer 31

Functionalists like Durkiem have viewed deviance and crime as both universal and useful to society

Question 32

according to Durkheim, what are the four performative functions of crime

Answer 32

Deviance affirms cultural values and norms
Responding to deviance clarifies moral boundaries
Responding to deviance brings people together
Deviance encourages social change

Question 33

what is social control theory

Answer 33

This theory assume that anyone may have deviant impulses, but for most people these implications are not acted upon, with the result that most people do not break the rules, most of the time

Question 34

what is anomie theory

Answer 34

rooted in emilie durkheim’s notion of anomie and elaborated by Robert K. Merton in his typology of modes of adaptation

Question 35

what is strain theory

Answer 35

Strain theory proposes that deviant behavior is a response to the gap between ambitions for success and access to lawful means of achieving it

Question 36

what did micheal Foucault propose about surveillance society

Answer 36

the growth of the modern state and the creation of institutions including armies, police forces, public schools, and other bureaucracies has resulted in the growth of strict work regimes, curricula, and procedures

Question 37

how has modern surveillance grown

Answer 37

CCTV, video surveillance, credit cards, health records

Question 38

what is panopticon

Answer 38

a prison designed by the english philosopher Jeremy Bentam that would allow all inmates to be viewed by a single guard without the inmates knowing whether they are being watched