Lecture 8 - Gathering Variability

Question 1

mutagenesis

Answer 1

chemical or radiation induced mutations where you dont know what the exact effect will be

Question 2

recombinant DNA technology

Answer 2

individuals that are created by genetic engineering using suitable vectors to insert the desired foreign gene into the plant genome

Question 3

what do you need to use genetic engineering

Answer 3

-gene of interest
- appropriate promoter
- enhancer elements

Question 4

what are PNTs

Answer 4

plants with novel traits

Question 5

in canada plants are regulated on the basis of ________ ________, not the basis of _______ ______ to introduce these traits

Answer 5

traits expressed, method used

Question 6

how controls what is considered a PNT

Answer 6

plant biosafety office of CFIA

Question 7

what is a novel trait

Answer 7

trait that is new to the canadian environment before dec 1996 and has the potential to affect the specific use and safety of the plant

Question 8

possible sources of novelty

Answer 8

-germplasm imported after Dec 1996
-germplasm from interspecific crosses performed after Dec 1996
-wild pop in canada
- mutagenesis, recombinant DNA
-microspore cultivation/tissue culture

Question 9

criteria to consider for a PNT

Answer 9

-weediness potential
-gene flow
-plants pest potential
-potential negative impacts on non-target organisms
-other potential negative impacts on biodiversity

Question 10

what should you look into before starting on a PNT

Answer 10

-traits that significantly and negatively alter the sustainable management of the crop
-accumulation of biologically active molecules for pesticidal, pharmacological, or industrial uses
- competitiveness for a crop for which canada is centre of diversity

Question 11

2 types of environmental releases of a PNT

Answer 11

• confined environmental release (for research purposes)
• unconfined environmental release (prior to commercialization)

Question 12

simple crosses

Answer 12

2-4 parents

Question 13

complex crosses

Answer 13

> 4 parents

Question 14

types of simple crosses

Answer 14

-single cross (AxB)
-3-way/triple cross ((AxB)xC)
-double cross ((AxB)x(CxD))

Question 15

types of complex crosses

Answer 15

• Convergent (AxB CxD ExF GxH)
• MAGIC population

Question 16

why would you want to use complex crossing strategies

Answer 16

higher ability to detect alleles with low frequencies (rare alleles)