Lecture 1 - Introduction to Plant Breeding Flashcards
Who is Dr. Al Slinkard
created the Laird Lentil which is the most widely recognized lentil variety in the world
started the domination of SK in global lentil business
what is plant breeding
genetic improvement of plants for human benefit by exploiting the genetic potential of plants
what disciplines are involved in plant breeding
pathology, soils, food and bioproduct science, physiology, agronomy, computer science, engineering, nutrition, genetics, entomology
what was the first form of plant breeding
gatherers collecting seeds and taking them with them on a journey
timeline of what plants were domesticated first
cereals –> legumes and veggies –> oil, fibre, and ornamentals –> rubber, sugarbeets, and medicinal crops
how many centers of diversity did Vavilov define for cultivated plants and what kind of climates were they
8 centers of diversity
they were all warmer climates
many crop species occur in __________ centre of diversity
more than one
what are some ways that plant breeding has evolved
domestication of plants
early selection
systematic crossing and selection
F1 hybrids
mutations and wide hybridizations
genetic transformations
big data - genomics and phenomics
what was selected for in early selection
-shattering resistance
-reduced dormancy
-uniform ripening
-bigger seeds/fruit
-increased palatability/reduced toxic compounds
-increased area of adaptation
examples of F1 hybrids
canola, corn, tomatos
steps in a plant breeding program
- determine objectives
- gather variability
- select
- testing trials
- registration and commercialization
how long does it typically take to develop a new variety
10-15 yrs
what is the time of plant breeding influenced by
reproductive cycle
necessary evaluation
rigour of registration system
form of starting population
resources available
how can you speed up plant breeding
-doubled haploidy
-marker-assisted selection/genomic selection
-winter nurseries/shuttle breeding
the breeding cycle is a _______ process
cyclical
