Lab 2 - Crossing Plants

Question 1

what is the difference between a complete and incomplete flower

Answer 1

complete has all 4 components of the flowers (petal, sepal, stamen, pistil)
incomplete is missing 1 or more components

Question 2

what is the difference between a perfect and imperfect flower structure

Answer 2

perfect has both female and male parts in the flower
imperfect has either male or female but not both

Question 3

what is the difference between a monoecious and dioecious plant

Answer 3

monoecious has both male and female parts
dioecious has male or female parts (not both)

Question 4

what is the difference between pollination and fertilization

Answer 4

pollination is when the pollen is transferred
fertilization is when the gametes fuse

Question 5

why would we want to control pollination

Answer 5

• selfing species tend to self-pollinate when we want them to cross pollinate instead
• obligate outcrossing have mechanisms that prevent selfing

Question 6

how do plant breeders control for pollination

Answer 6

emasculation followed by direct pollination

Question 7

when do you want to emasculate

Answer 7

when the flowers have not yet shed pollen

Question 8

canola flower morphology

Answer 8

• tetradynamous stamen (4 tall, 2 short)
  tall for self pollination, short for cross

Question 9

tomato flower morphology

Answer 9

the stamen/anthers are fused above the pistil (causes pistil to grow up and brush against anthers)

Question 10

pulse flower morphology

Answer 10

5 petals (keel, 2 wings, 2 standard petals)
10 stamen (1 free and 9 fused)

Question 11

wheat flower morphology

Answer 11

spikelet has 3-6 florets
3 stamen around 1 stigma

Question 12

how to tell if crossing was successful if markers are not available (in selfing species)

Answer 12

if all your F1 look the same, it was successful. If all F2 look the same, not successful