Lecture 8 EDs - Subtypes and treatments

Question 1

role of media

Answer 1

Perpetuates the perfect body and what being beautiful is - also have stereotypes around what you are if you are beautiful

Question 2

Clincial aspects to Anorexia nervosa

Answer 2

• Intense and pathological fear of becoming overweight and fat
• Pursuit of thinness that is relentless and sometimes deadly
• Intense fear of gaining weight
• Refusal to maintain normal weight

Question 3

Types of AN

Answer 3

• restricting type

- binge eating/purging type

Question 4

Physical symptoms of AN

Answer 4

• Intense fear if weight gain/fatness
• Irritability and anxiety
• Low self esteem
• Pre – occupation/obsessions with food, calories, weight and size
• Cognitive problems - Impaired memory, attention and concentration (not clear if these pre date these impairments but we do know that restricting diet has a negative effect on these cognitive functions)
• Denial
• Distortion or unhelpful thinking styles
• Distorted body image
• Issue of cause and effect

Question 5

Behavioural symptoms of AN

Answer 5

• Avoidance of eating
• Excessive exercising (secretive or overt)
• Ritualistic behaviours, especially around food
• Drinking excessive fluids
• Lengthy/frequent toilet visits (laxatives/vomiting)

Question 6

Clinical aspects of Bulemia nervosa

Answer 6

• Intense and pathological fear of becoming overweight and fat
• Pursuit of thinness that is relentless and sometimes deadly
• Frequent episodes of binge eating
• Lack of control overeating
• Recurrent inappropriate behaviour to prevent weight gain

Question 7

Types of BN

Answer 7

Purging type:
-	Vomiting 
-	Laxatives
-	Diuretics
Non purging type:
-	Fasting 
-	Exercise

Question 8

Clinical characteristcis of binge eating disorder

Answer 8

• Frequent episodes of binge eating
• Typically, overweight or obese
• No compensatory weight loss behaviours

Question 9

ED in men

Answer 9

On the rise but presents slightly differently

Question 10

ED and comorbidity

Answer 10

• Clinical depression – unhappy with their life, how they are functioning, how they look
• OCD - obsessions
• Substance abuse disorders – some may debate that people with Eds show signs of addictive behaviours (addiction to their behaviours, legal substances (laxatives, sweeteners and illegal, opiates, sedatives etc)
• Various personality disorders – very complicated – personality types may be more likely to develop eating disorders
• Autism Spectrum disorders

Question 11

Risk and casual factors

Answer 11

Eating disorders multi determined:

• Biological factors
• Individual risk factors
• Family influences
• Sociocultural factors

Question 12

Treatment for AN

Answer 12

• Emergency procedures to restore weight
• Antidepressants or other medications needs to be taken when you have a more ‘ normal’ body weight – can’t be given to people who are severely underweight
• Family therapy – especially if they are still at home at this moment in time
• Cognitive behavioural therapy

Question 13

Target for CBT

Answer 13

• Encourage healthy eating and reaching a healthy body weight
• Create a personalised treatment plan based on the processes that appear to be maintaining the eating problems
• Include self-monitoring of dietary intake and associated thoughts and feelings
• Cover nutrition, cognitive restructuring, mood regulation, social skills, body image concerns, self-esteem, and relapse intervention
• Enhance self-efficacy