Lecture 8 : Early Commercial Expansion

Question 1

Describe the roman empire (2)

Answer 1

En area of very extensive trade, an inter-continental network

Question 2

Examples of new empires are emerging in Europe.

Answer 2

Franks Islamic Empire Byzantin Empire

Question 3

Date of The collapse of the Roman Empire:

Answer 3

476

Question 4

Dates of the The medieval world

Answer 4

1000-1500

Question 5

Trade centres in the medieval world

Answer 5

Trade centers: Venice, Genoa

Question 6

In the medieval world, why t he estates start to look outward

Answer 6

because the kings, lords and popes want to expand their empires.

Question 7

Explain the transformation of he structure during the medieval world

Answer 7

Citizen became more and more integrated to the society through the chruch. And then the church collects taxews. ( TRansformation of the crusades ) Towns become “the new frontier” of this era – people are going from the countryside to these towns

Question 8

How was the trade during the middle ages

Answer 8

long distance trade

Question 9

Explain the manorialism and how it is connected to feudalism

Answer 9

A system based around self-sufficient farming estates where the lord and the peasants lived off the land together. The more they produce on their own. The more independent they are, the stronger they are. The more they are gonna have to rely on people. the weaker they are.

Question 10

What’s the feudalism

Answer 10

granting land, in return of loyaltie, military assistance, and other services The citizen becomes a vassal of he king the king is a lord of a vassal Vassal’s land given too ( he becomes a lord too )

Question 11

Who are the Moors

Answer 11

Medieval Muslim People From North Africa

Question 12

How did the Moors push the Portuguese to go discover the world

Answer 12

They invaded the Iberian peninsula. ( see picture )

Chistians of the north pushed

Spain of the right pushed as well

It forced Portugal to go south – how the discovery era bega.

Question 13

How what the tanspotation system in the Middle ages

Answer 13

Road system are developed

Question 14

When is the fall of Constantinople

Answer 14

1453

Question 15

Picture of the cape Bojador and Good hope

( picture the turn into the sea )

Answer 15

Question 16

Picture the Bizantain Empire ( Orient East Roman Empire )

Answer 16

Question 17

What did DE Balboa find ?

Answer 17

Pacific Ocean

Question 18

What did Vasco de Gama find ?

Answer 18

first European to reach India by sea.

Question 19

When The treaty of Tordesillas

+ picture it

Answer 19

1494

Question 20

Purpose of the Treaty of Tordesillas

Answer 20

The purpose was to prevent Spain and Portugal from fighting.

Question 21

1522

Answer 21

the first circumnavigation of the global

Magellan

See picture - yo

Question 22

The treaty of Saragossa

Answer 22

a complete division of the world between Spain and Portugal.

1529

Question 23

Where did the he English and French go ?

Answer 23

North

Question 24

Picture the Treaty of Saragossa

Answer 24

Question 25

Explain how the voyagers traded on credit

Answer 25

huge risks

huge profits

investors

Question 26

Who was the intermediary of the race to the globe

Answer 26

Pope Alexander 6.

The one who did the Treaty of Tordesillas

Question 27

Richest multinational

Answer 27

British East Indian Companies

Question 28

The East Indian Companies ( 2 descriptions )

Answer 28

Survived for over 200 years

Ahd their own armies

Question 29

The east was hundry for what ?

Answer 29

Silver

( China, Japan, India, Middle East )

Question 30

Silver trade

Answer 30

marked the era of commercial capitalism and became the bridge between late medieval and modern times

Question 31

Gold trade

Answer 31

West

Europe + America !!!

Question 32

How did the long distance trade got developped ?

Answer 32

Through c the mergence of trade on credit

Question 33

New crops with the Columbian Exchange

Answer 33

corn, beans, peanuts, tomatoes, sweet potatoes, chili peppers

Question 34

core idea of 1600-1700

Answer 34

Mercantilism + rise of nation states

Question 35

Explain the natio-state

Answer 35

a sovereign state whose citizens or subjects are relatively homogeneous in factors such as language or common descent.

Question 36

Key innovation of 1600-1700

Answer 36

Finance and banking

Ship Building and narivation

Naval ordnance ( military supplies )

Communication

Question 37

Explain the 0 sum game

Answer 37

Countries begun to put tariffs at imports in order to make the gold and silver stay in the country. A positive balance of trade: the value of our exports must be bigger than the value of the imports! Ex. Kashmir. That is, trade surplus needed!

Question 38

In the late 1800th century: a challenge to mercantilism

Answer 38

1) intellectual
2) politiical

Question 39

Intellectuals oppositions to mercantilism

Answer 39

the wealth of a nation is in its human labour and what the land produces” – Smith. He meant GDP is a better measure.

Wealth and money are confounded (look at Spain)

Trade isn’t a zero-sum game, both parties can get bettor of – Smith, Ricardo

Question 40

politic opposition to mercantilism

Answer 40

replacing monarchy by parliaments

Question 41

Spices and Silk Road definition

Answer 41

Spices : opium, tea, silk, incense spices

Silk Road ( see picture - Europe, Africa and Asia )

Europeen trade centers : Venice, Genoa