Lecture 8 : Early Commercial Expansion Flashcards
Describe the roman empire (2)
En area of very extensive trade, an inter-continental network
Examples of new empires are emerging in Europe.
Franks Islamic Empire Byzantin Empire
Date of The collapse of the Roman Empire:
476
Dates of the The medieval world
1000-1500
Trade centres in the medieval world
Trade centers: Venice, Genoa
In the medieval world, why t he estates start to look outward
because the kings, lords and popes want to expand their empires.
Explain the transformation of he structure during the medieval world
Citizen became more and more integrated to the society through the chruch. And then the church collects taxews. ( TRansformation of the crusades ) Towns become “the new frontier” of this era – people are going from the countryside to these towns
How was the trade during the middle ages
long distance trade
Explain the manorialism and how it is connected to feudalism
A system based around self-sufficient farming estates where the lord and the peasants lived off the land together. The more they produce on their own. The more independent they are, the stronger they are. The more they are gonna have to rely on people. the weaker they are.
What’s the feudalism
granting land, in return of loyaltie, military assistance, and other services The citizen becomes a vassal of he king the king is a lord of a vassal Vassal’s land given too ( he becomes a lord too )
Who are the Moors
Medieval Muslim People From North Africa
How did the Moors push the Portuguese to go discover the world
They invaded the Iberian peninsula. ( see picture )
Chistians of the north pushed
Spain of the right pushed as well
It forced Portugal to go south – how the discovery era bega.
How what the tanspotation system in the Middle ages
Road system are developed
When is the fall of Constantinople
1453
Picture of the cape Bojador and Good hope
( picture the turn into the sea )
Picture the Bizantain Empire ( Orient East Roman Empire )
What did DE Balboa find ?
Pacific Ocean
What did Vasco de Gama find ?
first European to reach India by sea.
When The treaty of Tordesillas
+ picture it
1494
Purpose of the Treaty of Tordesillas
The purpose was to prevent Spain and Portugal from fighting.
1522
the first circumnavigation of the global
Magellan
See picture - yo
The treaty of Saragossa
a complete division of the world between Spain and Portugal.
1529
Where did the he English and French go ?
North
Picture the Treaty of Saragossa
Explain how the voyagers traded on credit
huge risks
huge profits
investors
Who was the intermediary of the race to the globe
Pope Alexander 6.
The one who did the Treaty of Tordesillas
Richest multinational
British East Indian Companies
The East Indian Companies ( 2 descriptions )
Survived for over 200 years
Ahd their own armies
The east was hundry for what ?
Silver
( China, Japan, India, Middle East )
Silver trade
marked the era of commercial capitalism and became the bridge between late medieval and modern times
Gold trade
West
Europe + America !!!
How did the long distance trade got developped ?
Through c the mergence of trade on credit
New crops with the Columbian Exchange
corn, beans, peanuts, tomatoes, sweet potatoes, chili peppers
core idea of 1600-1700
Mercantilism + rise of nation states
Explain the natio-state
a sovereign state whose citizens or subjects are relatively homogeneous in factors such as language or common descent.
Key innovation of 1600-1700
Finance and banking
Ship Building and narivation
Naval ordnance ( military supplies )
Communication
Explain the 0 sum game
Countries begun to put tariffs at imports in order to make the gold and silver stay in the country. A positive balance of trade: the value of our exports must be bigger than the value of the imports! Ex. Kashmir. That is, trade surplus needed!
In the late 1800th century: a challenge to mercantilism
1) intellectual
2) politiical
Intellectuals oppositions to mercantilism
the wealth of a nation is in its human labour and what the land produces” – Smith. He meant GDP is a better measure.
Wealth and money are confounded (look at Spain)
Trade isn’t a zero-sum game, both parties can get bettor of – Smith, Ricardo
politic opposition to mercantilism
replacing monarchy by parliaments
Spices and Silk Road definition
Spices : opium, tea, silk, incense spices
Silk Road ( see picture - Europe, Africa and Asia )
Europeen trade centers : Venice, Genoa
