Lecture 5: Mapping the World Economy Flashcards
What are the 7 key factors of an industrial location ?
Access to inputs ( raw material, energy ) Availability of labour ( skills, qualifications ) Processing costs ( land, labour, capital) ‘ Pull’ of the market (depends on the product ) Transfer costs of alternative locations (Weber) Institutional and cultural factors ‘Behavioural’ considerations
Who are the Mid 20th century leaders
North America (Manufacturing Belt Vs. Sun Belt ) Europe Russia . Ukraine
Who are the late 20th Century industrial developments
East Asia ( Japan, China ) Four Asian Tigers
Is there an absolute correlation between abundant ressources and the level of industrialization
no Ex: Japan has a low level of availability and yet is extremely industrialized. Ex: Congo : high availability of ressources and yet underindustrialized.
2 examples of the availability of labour
India : high level of computer engineers Moncton, New Brunswick : call-centre capital of Canada because of its bilingual labour.
Explain Weber’s Model
In the Theory of Location of Industries, ( 1909), Weber minimizing three categories of costs: 1- most important : transportation 2- labour 3- agglomeration ( if industries are close enough, the engineers in industrial cluster will help each others )
Explain what is the pull of the market
Markleting strategy. The goal is that they consummer will go to the product.
3 examples of the institutional and cultural factors
taxs given by the gov employment regulations environmental regulations
Explain the behavioural considerations when an industry wants to chose its location
ex: 2 fast foods cahin come beside each others bc they wanna remove the distance factor of the choice of the buyer.
Examples of the light manufacturing activities
= goods that are produced at the farm level. No further manifacturation less capital-intensive than heavy industry Ex: paper industry Ex: food industry
heavy manufacturing activities
intermadiate goods that nedd further transformations capital intensive bc large and heavy equipment and facilities Ex: steel ( acier )
What do the Quaternary activities consist of ?
handling information Ex: law accounting consulting, apps labs for pharmaceutic etc
Picture the model of economi transition i.e. industrial development
peak : 1960s
Is the global distribution even ?
no
dominated by regions that industrialized early
what regions of the globe industrialized early ?
- North America
- Europe
- Russia and Ukraine
- East Asia ( among fastesy growing regions )
China, Japan, The Four Tigers
When occured to shift from the rust belt to the sun belt manufacturing
1970
Picture the manufacturing rust belt
New England - boston : what time of manufacturing
New England - boston : traditionnaly = light manufacturing activities ( testile and clothing );
today = electronics
What type of manufactures in New York ?
processed foods
apparel industries
book publishing
What type of manufactures does Pittsburgh produce ?
oldes steel producing centre of US
What type of manufactures does Philadelphia, Baltimore produce
heavy manufacturing industries
( steel, chemicals )
What type of manufacturing does the New Jersey produce
pahrmaceutical
What does the Upstate of Nwe Yoek produce
optical devices
What type of manufacturing goods does DEtroit produce
motor city
What type of manufacturing goods does Chicago produce
meat packing, trains
What type of manufacturing goods do Cleveland and Akron, Ohio produce
Tires
What type of manufacturing goods does the Canada produce
Southern Ontario = cars,
steel
chemicals
Montreal = aerospace, textiles, pharmaceuticals, aluminium, pulp and paper
High-tech manufacturing areas are elsewhere (Sun Belt),
Southern California: (apparel, aircraft and aerospace, development of electronics and biotechnology)
San Francisco Bay (Silicon Valley)
Seattle-Tacoma: Aircraft and computers (Amazon)
Technology Triangle: Raleigh-Durham-Charlotte (software)
Texas: Dallas-Forth Worth, Houston (computer, electronics)
Southern California:
apparel, aircraft and aerospace, development of electronics and biotechnology)
San Francisco Bay
(Silicon Valley)
Seattle-Tacoma:
Aircraft and computers (Amazon)
Technology Triangle:
Raleigh-Durham-Charlotte (software)
Texas:
Dallas, Forth Worth, Houston (computer, electronics)
Germany:
Ruhr-Rhine region: heavy manufacturing (steel, coal mines)
Saxony: light industry, optical devices
Stuttgart: Porsche, Audi, Mercedes Benz
Ruhr-Rhine region
: heavy manufacturing (steel, coal mines)
Saxony:
light industry, optical devices
Stuttgart
: Porsche, Audi, Mercedes Benz
France:
Ile-de-France (pharmaceuticals etc)
Lyon (textiles)
Nice, Sophia Antipolis (high tech)
Ile-de-France
(pharmaceuticals etc)
Lyon
(textiles)
Nice, Sophia Antipolis
(high tech)
Italy
Golden triangle: Genoa, Turin, Milano (manufacturing, a bit of
everything)
Third Italy: Florence – Venice
Golden triangle: Genoa, Turin, Milano
manufacturing, a bit of
everything)
Third Italy: Florence – Venice
Craft-based artisanal based
ceramics and ferrarri
Spain
Barcelona – fastest growing industrial region in Europe
Bilbao
UK
M4 Corridor (high tech)
Manchester (heavy manufacturing, but also textile)
M4 Corridor
(high tech)
Russia
(automobiles etc)
Volga region
(heavy manufacturing given its natural resources)
Vladivostok
(port facilities)
Japan
Kanto Plain, around Tokyo (primary industrial region)
Kansai District (heavy industry)
Kitakyushu District (shipbuilding, steel)
Toyama District (paper, textiles)
Kanto Plain, around Tokyo
(primary industrial region)
Kansai District
(heavy industry)
Kitakyushu District
(shipbuilding, steel)
Toyama District
(paper, textiles)
China
Northeast District (steel, heavy manufacturing activity, close to coal mines)
Northern District (around Beijing)
Chang District (all types)
Guangdong District, also called the Pearl River Delta (had very little industrial activity until recently, now the fastest growing and most dynamic district in China, examples: toys and electronics) the world’s new workshop. It’s a special economic zone, with low tariffs etc.
450 millions people
1/3 of China’s exports
World’s Workshop, developping inland
Shenzhen : Special Economic Zone
Northeast District
(steel, heavy manufacturing activity, close to coal mines)
Northern District (around Beijing)
Chang District
all types)
.
Guangdong District, also called the Pearl River Delta
(had very little industrial activity until recently, now the fastest growing and most dynamic district in China, examples: toys and electronics) the world’s new workshop. It’s a special economic zone, with low tariffs etc.
*** Shenzhen = special economic zone
population of 450 million people
1/3 of china’s export
The four Asian tigers
South Korea – heavy manufacturing (shipbuilding, steel, automobile), high tech
Taiwan – saw a major switch in the 1970’s from labour intensive to high-tech industries
Hong Kong – financial hub, break-of-bulk point (from one transportation system to another, ex. from boat to train)
Singapore – high-tech, also a big port. Quaternary (info) industries
South Korea
– heavy manufacturing (shipbuilding, steel, automobile), high tech
Taiwan –
saw a major switch in the 1970’s from labour intensive to high-tech industries
Hong Kong –
financial hub, break-of-bulk point (from one transportation system to another, ex. from boat to train)
Singapore
– high-tech, also a big port. Quaternary (info) industries
Frost Belf to Sun Belt.
Grom rigidd mass production to flexible specialization
OTher name for Guangdong District
Pearl River DElta
