Lecture 12 : global population

Question 1

Demographic equation

Answer 1

r = (b –d) + (i–e)r : rate of population increase b: crude birth rate (CBR; live births/1000) d : crude death rate (CDR; deaths/1000) i: immigration e : emigration

Question 2

4 demographic measures

Answer 2

Total fertility rate (TFR): Average number of children a woman would have in her child-bearing years (15-44) Replacement fertility rate:Number of children a couple must have to replacement themselves Infant mortality rate (IMR):Number of deaths age 1 or less/1000 Life expectancy (LE): Number of years a person is expected to live at birth

Question 3

Demographic equation for natural increase

Answer 3

r = (b –d) natural population increase

Question 4

What does doubling time mean ?

Answer 4

time that is takes for a population to double in size. This only takes in consideration natural increase.

Question 5

is immigration and emigration relevant in regard to measure how much a population increases or decreases

Answer 5

to. very litttle influence

Question 6

What are the 4 demographic transitions

Answer 6

1-pre-industrial 2-transitional 3-industrial 4-post-industrial

Question 7

What does “ crude “ mean in crude birth rate (CBR; live births/1000) d : crude death rate (CDR; deaths/1000)

Answer 7

crude : does NOT take into consideration the age structure

Question 8

identify the demographic transitions on the graphic

include explainations for birth and death rate

include countries

Answer 8

1) pre-industrial : high birth rate and high death rate
2) death rate decreases, birth rate stays the same
4) post indsutrual birth rate = death rate
1) A few remote groups
2) kenya
3) brazil
4) us, japan, france
5) germany

Question 9

identify and explain the implication of the of popultion pyramids

Answer 9

momentum

age of reproduction

amount of people in the pre-reproductive group compared to the amount of ppl in the reproductive group comapred to ppl in the post reproductive age

nb of ppl reahing their reproductive age

Question 10

How do we manage population growth ?

Answer 10

1- assume that immigration and emigration have very little impact on the total pop for a country

So birth rate is the pressure point

so there are pro and anti natal policies

2- Fertility rate ( pro or anti )

Policies : 5$ daycare to increase natality.

or Voluntary approach

Later, Longuer, Fewer

Question 11

Explain relationship btw TFR and education

Answer 11

when educatin increases, TFR decreases,

so the mantra is later, longer fewer = voluntary approach

before, china = 1 kid per couple

now : put the conditions for the woman to make her decision

Still results in fewer births

Question 12

explain the later, longuer, fewer approach

Answer 12

to decrease fertility rate

later : wait a long time before a woman starts to reproduct

longer: wait in between 2 births

fewer kids

so total fertility rate in endogenous to developemnt process

Question 13

Explain how total fertility rate is endogenous to development process

Answer 13

conditions like health, education, women rights = in volumtary approcah, in later, longer, fewer , and in the decrease of total fertility rate