Lecture 2 : Geographie of the global changes

Question 1

What’s the economic internationalization

Answer 1

extent to which national economies interact with one another through the exchange of goods and services

Question 2

4 description of the economic internationalization

Answer 2

can be measured
indicators : trade - GDP ratio
focus on the extension of economic activities across national boundaries ( arm’s lenght )
quantitative approach

Question 3

what’s the economic globalization ( 4 characteristics )

Answer 3

1- set of processes through which economic activities are increasingly interconnected
2-functional integration of production activities, global assembly lines
3-Emergence of new set of actors on global stage ( institution, agreements)
4-Quantitive + Qualitative changes that facilitate (deeper ) global integration

Question 4

Who are the triumphalist accounts of the Hyperlgobalizers’ p-o-v

Answer 4

F. Fukuyama

T. Friedman

Question 5

Give 6 examples of economies that were highly developed .

Answer 5

Antiquity , Roman Empire, Silk Road
Middle ages : new empire, rise of Islam and trade
Fall of constantinople ans the rise of europe

Question 6

What are the 2 key phases of international trade

Answer 6

1500-1800- early commercial expansion
as well as
1800- WW1

Question 7

Define the international trade in 1500-1800 (4)

Answer 7

1) Age of discovery & exploration
2)Trade in commerce in high valued goods
3)Mercantilism & protectionism
4-Early commercial expansion ( Europe )

Question 8

Define the international trade in 1800-WW1 (6)

Answer 8

Rise of the colonial economy
trade boom - bulk staples
drivers  : free trade , migration, innovation
Divergence of the Europe and the rest
innovation
high migration of people

Question 9

two key differences of our global economy compared to after WW1

Answer 9

1-type of trade and capital flows

2- market integration - breadth and depth

Question 10

What are the 5 countries with the highest global connectedness

Answer 10

netherlands
singapore
luxenbourg
ireland
switzerland

Question 11

What does the commodity market mean

Answer 11

one price rules rule.

price is directly and only influenced by transportation

Question 12

What are the 5 countries with the highest global connectedness

Answer 12

Netherlands
Singapore
Luxembourg
Ireland
Switzerland

Question 13

What are the consequences of a more global economy (3)

Answer 13

1) Loss of domestic control over nation’s own economy
2) Increased intra-firm trade
3) Job opportunities cs. job losses

Question 14

Explain : Loss of domestic control over nation’s own economy.

Answer 14

Race to the bottom

MNCs and environmental regulations

Question 15

What are the key elements of a definition of globalization

Answer 15

1 . a set of non-going processes

2. both spatial and temporal dimensions
3. 1. stretching (extensions ) of economic activities
4. 2intensification (growing magnitude of transactions/ interconnectedness
5. 3. increase of the velocity of transactions
6. magnified local-global impacts , i.e. , unfolds simultaneously over multiples geographic scales

Question 16

Explain the ‘’ both spatial and temporal dimensions “ of the globalization

Answer 16

2. 1. stretching (extensions ) of economic activities
3. 2intensification (growing magnitude of transactions/ interconnectedness
4. 3. increase of the velocity of transactions

Question 17

what’s the arm length trade

Answer 17

it is only what is exchanged at the final imput

Question 18

Who said : The world is flat

Answer 18

Friedman

Question 19

What do transformationalists and hyperglobalists have

in common

Answer 19

there’s only a national economic space. No national border.

Question 20

Give 3 resources that Roman civilization was trading

Answer 20

land
iron
gold

Question 21

What were the goods traded between 1500-1800

Answer 21

golds, spices, cotton

Question 22

What are the 4 pillars of global connectedness

Answer 22

1) Trade flows
2) Capital flows
3) information
4) Migration flows

Question 23

Whats new regarding services in our global economy

Answer 23

before. services, were NOT sharable.

Question 24

How have services become sharable in our new economy

Answer 24

trough the increasing flow of telecommunication

Question 25

How would u qualify the global economy of the Middle ages

Answer 25

new empires, rise of Islam and trade

Question 26

Why does the hyperglobalizer’s vision starts with the fall of the soviet union?

Answer 26

used to divide the Capitalist West. and the Socialist East

Question 27

Skeptics point out that the volume of trade as a % of national income was higher where and when ?

Answer 27

1. Europe

2. Pre WW1

Question 28

What are the 3 arguments avances by the transformationalists ?

Answer 28

1- Power struggles among nation-states & other actors
2- There’s a national economie but no national territorial bonderies
3-Emphasis on local-global connections ???

Question 29

20th C drivers of commercial integration ? (3)

Answer 29

1-much of the ' work ' done in the 19thc C
2-key changes in the 20th C:
- trade (re)liberalization
-liberalization of capital markets
-international gouvernance
3-Greater degree of connectedness

Question 30

Why do we say that much of the ‘ new ‘ economy was done during the 19th C? (3)

Answer 30

Rise of the colonial economy
trade boom- bulk stapples
drivers : free trade, migration, innovation.

Question 31

drivers of the 19th C ?

Answer 31

free trade, migration.

Question 32

name 3 key changes in the 20th C:

Answer 32

• trade (re)liberalization
• liberalization of capital markets
• international gouvernance

Question 33

Examples of world governance

Answer 33

GATT / WTO
IMF
trade blocks : EU / NAFTA

Question 34

GATT

Answer 34

General Agreements on Tariff + Trade

Question 35

WTO

Answer 35

Wordl Trade Organization

Question 36

IMF

Answer 36

International Monetary Fund

Question 37

NAFTA?

Answer 37

North Americain Free Trade Agreement

Question 38

Explain the importance of migration flows for the global connectedness (3)

Answer 38

1) Human capital
2) increases capital flows, as immigrants often send money back to their home country for their family
3) movements of labor have a way higher potential have of increasing global efficienty far more than capital