Lecture 8 - Drugs in food animals

Question 1

What is prophylaxis?

Answer 1

Disease prevention generally

Question 2

What is metaphylaxis?

Answer 2

Disease prevention in a herd

Question 3

Why is it important to know what we are giving to our food animals?

Answer 3

Drugs + metabolites are in turn being distributed to our clients within the meats. Also introduced into our environment

Question 4

What broad-spectrum AB can never be given to food animals?

Answer 4

Chloramphenicol

Question 5

Where can Chloraphenicol travel in the body?

Answer 5

Placenta + BBB

Question 6

Why cant Chloramphenicol be given to food animals?

Answer 6

Causes aplastic anemia in humans

Question 7

What AB cannot be given to lactating cattle?

Answer 7

Baytril

Question 8

Why can’t Baytril be given to lactating cattle?

Answer 8

Kills the bacteria that is responsible for cheese, yogurt, etc

Question 9

What are the risks associated with giving drugs to food animals?

Answer 9

Health + Economic

Question 10

What is GRAS?

Answer 10

Generally regarded as safe

List of drugs that can be given to animals without regulation

Question 11

What does the NPR do? What does it stand for?

Answer 11

National residue program

Testing and enforcement of laws enacted by the government inregards to food animals

Question 12

What is a food animal?

Answer 12

Any animal where tissue or any product has the POTENTIAL to enter the food chain

Question 13

What are the major food animals?

Answer 13

Cattle + Swine + Chicken + Turkeys

Question 14

What are the minor food animals?

Answer 14

Sheeps/goats
Farmed fish
Rabbits
other

Question 15

Why is it important to know what the minor vs major food species are?

Answer 15

Some medications are allowed in one but not the other

Question 16

What is a food animal residue?

Answer 16

Drug OR metabolite that can be defined in a target tissue, inorder to determine whether it is above the tolerance level

Question 17

What does the tolerance level of a drug or metabolite tell you?

Answer 17

Whether the animal is safe for consumption or not

Question 18

What are target tissues?

Answer 18

Edible tissues, and is a good representation of the conditions of other edible meats not tested

Question 19

What are the two most common tissues tested?

Answer 19

Liver + Kidney

Question 20

Why are the kidney and liver the most common target tissues?

Answer 20

This is where metabolism and elimination occur, it will most likely be at its highest concentration here

Question 21

What is tolerance?

Answer 21

Concentration of drug OR metabolite that is measured in the target tissue, below the determined level considered safe for human consumption

Question 22

What are the two exceptions to tolerance level tests?

Answer 22

Eggs + Milk

Question 23

What are the components to the evaluation part of determining “safe for consumption”?

Answer 23

Carcinogenic potential
Toxicities
Potential for AB resistance

Question 24

What must be determined during the studies for “safe for consumption”?

Answer 24

Acceptable Daily intake of drug/metabolite in human diet

Question 25

What is assumed when determine the acceptable daily intake of the drug/metabolite?

Answer 25

High levels on consumption

Question 26

What is the withdrawl time for drugs in food animals?

Answer 26

Time need for drug to be below tolerance level in 99% of the population with 95% confidence

Question 27

What components of a drug in food animals does the CVM regulate?

Answer 27

Species
Dose
Route of entry
Interval of Administration

Question 28

What are the two major drug classes of concerns in food animals?

Answer 28

AB’s + -cides

Question 29

What are three basic reasons for drug use in food animals?

Answer 29

Prophylactic/metaphylactic prevention
Treat illness
Increase production