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Pharmacology I > Lecture 22 - Vasodilators > Flashcards

Lecture 22 - Vasodilators Flashcards

1
Q

What are the families of drugs used for vasodilation purposes?

A

NO acting
Calcium Channel Antagonists
PDE5 inhibitors
Alpha 1 Adrenergic antagonists

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2
Q

Drugs within Family: NO acting

A

Hydralazine

Nitrate

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3
Q

Drugs within Family: Nitrate

A

Nitroglycerin
Isosorbide dinitrate
Sodium Nitroprusside

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4
Q

Drugs within Family: Calcium channel antagonists

A

Amlodipine besylate

Diltiazem

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5
Q

Drugs within Family: PDE5 inhibitors

A

Sildenafil

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6
Q

Drugs within Family: Alpha-1 aderenergic antagonists

A

Prazosin

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7
Q

What does Gq cause to occur?

A

Activates PLC

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8
Q

After PLC is activated by Gq what are the downstream effects?

A

PIP2 –> DAG + IP3
IP3 - dephosphorylated
DAG - broken down
Ca - pumped out

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9
Q

What does DAG go and do once activated?

A

Stimulate PKC

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10
Q

What does IP3 do and do once it is activated?

A

Release Ca from intracellular storage

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11
Q

What are three ways that one can relax vascular smooth muscle?

A

Increase cGMP
decrease intracellular Ca
Increase cAMP in vascular cells

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12
Q

What drugs can increase cGMP?

A

NO
Nitroprusside
Organic nitrates
PDE 5 inhibitors

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13
Q

What drugs can decrease intracellular Ca?

A

Calcium channel blcokers

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14
Q

Why is it preferred to have increased cAMP within the vascular cells?

A

cAMP = inactivation of myosin light chain kinase

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15
Q

Term: Phosphatase

A

Dephosphorylates MLC

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16
Q

Term: MLCK

A

Prevents phosphorylation

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17
Q

What can vasodilators do that help some heart failure patients?

A

Improve CO
– and –
Reduce edema + Effusion

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18
Q

What can drugs that reduce arterolar resistance be used for commonly?

A

Pulmonary hypertension

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19
Q

What drugs can effect the walls of arteries and/or veins?

A 
ACEi 
Nitrites 
Hydralazine 
CCA-s 
Alpha-blockers
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20
Q

Vessels affected: ACEi

A

A = V

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21
Q

Vessels affected: Nitrates

A

A

22
Q

Vessels affected: Hydralazine

A

A

23
Q

Vessels affected: CCA’s

A

A a lot

24
Q

Vessels affected: Alpha-blockers

A

A = V

25
Q

What is hydralazine commonly used for?

A

Mitral valve insufficency

26
Q

What happens with hyralazine toxicity?

A

Vomiting + Anorexia + Tachycarida + Sweating +

Ischemic arrhythmia + Decomposition

27
Q

What hydralazine side effect is seen in all animals besides dogs?

A

Hypotension

28
Q

What do Nitrate compounds do chemically?

A

NO donors

29
Q

What do nitrates do within the cell?

A

Decrease the phosphorylation of light chain mysosin

30
Q

What is nitroglycerin used for?

A

Pulmonary edema with CHF

31
Q

How is nitroglycerin administered?

A

Topically

32
Q

How is isosorbide dinitrate administered?

A

Oral

33
Q

How is sodium nitroprusside administered/

A

Constant IV

34
Q

What is sodium nitroprusside used for?

A

Pulmonary edema
– and –
Emergent hypertensive crisis

35
Q

What are the two important functions of intracellular calcium?

A

Triggers muscular contraction
– and –
Pacemake activity

36
Q

Smooth muscle calcium channels are open to:

A

B-Adrenergic stimulation

37
Q

Smooth muscle calcium channels are closed to:

A

CCA’s

38
Q

How do CCA’s work?

A

Orally active

Bind to L-type Ca channels in myocardium vascular SM

39
Q

What three things will CCA’s cause?

A

Decrease transmembrane Ca current
Long-lasting relaxation
Decreased cardiac contractility + automaticity + conduction

40
Q

What other smooth muscle is affected by CCA’s

A

Bronchiolar + Gastrointestinal + Urterine

41
Q

What are the major cardiac affects of CCA’s?

A

Negative inotropic effect
Reduced impulse generation
Slowed AV

42
Q

Characteristics of amlodipine besylate:

A

Long lasting
Ca channel blocker
Vasodilation without cardiac effects

43
Q

What is Amlodipine besylate used for?

A

Hypertension in cats

44
Q

What is diltiazem used for?

A

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
– and –
Supraventricular tachycardia

45
Q

What is different about the metabolism of Diltiazem?

A

Two active metabolites once it is processed by the liver

46
Q

What needs to be taken into consideration when giving a patient Diltiazem?

A

Can be passed through milk

47
Q

How does sildenafil work?

A

Decreases the elimination of cGMP = vasodilation

48
Q

When is sildenafil used?

A

Pulmonary hypertension in dogs

49
Q

What is the primary use of prazosin?

A

Urtheral obtruction in dogs

50
Q

How does prazosin work?

A

Reduces NE vasocontriction

51
Q

What are the adverse effects of prazosin?

A

Hypotension

Na + Water retension

Pharmacology I (21 decks)

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