Lecture 10 - Intro to ANS Flashcards
1
Q
Describe the ANS.
A
Unconscious control
Visceral functions
2
Q
Describe the somatic nervous system.
A
Conscious control
Movement, posture
3
Q
What are all pre-synaptic terminals composed of? (receptor, NT)
A
ACh to Nicotinic
4
Q
What are all PNS synapses composed of? (receptor, NT)
A
ACh to Muscarinic
5
Q
What are all NMJ’s composed of? (receptor, NT)
A
ACh to Nicotinic
6
Q
What are three types of SNS receptors?
A
M + A/B + D
7
Q
Where are SNS M found? What stimulates them?
A
Sweat glands, ACh
8
Q
Where are SNS A/B receptors found? What stimulates them?
A
Cardiac + Smooth Muscle
Gland cells + Nerve terminals
NE
9
Q
Where are SNS D receptors found? What stimulates them?
A
Dopamine
Renal vascular SM
10
Q
Where do PNS preganglionic fibers originate?
A
Midbrain + Medulla Oblongata + Sacral area
11
Q
Are preganglionic fibers of PNS short or long?
A
Long
12
Q
Where do preganglionic fibers from SNS synapse?
A
Paravertrbral chains
13
Q
Where do SNS preganglionic fibers originate?
A
Thoracic + Lumbar
14
Q
What is special about the SNS in regards to having the paravertberal chain?
A
Can coordinate reactions
15
Q
What does SNS NE act on?
A
Alpha + Beta1 receptors
16
Q
What does the epinephrine from adrenal medulla act on receptor wise?
A
Alpha + Beta
17
Q
List all the places (we need to know) that ACh is released from.
A
Pre-ganglionic fibers Post-ganglionic PNS SNS to sweat glands Adrenal medulla innervation NMJ
18
Q
List all the places (we need to know) that NE is released.
A
Most port-ganglionic SNS
Adrenal medulla
19
Q
What is acetylcholine made from?
A
Choline + Acetyl CoA
20
Q
What enzyme makes ACh?
A
ChAT
21
Q
Describe how cholinergic transmission occurs.
A
Choline enters cell via CHT (w/ Na) ChAT makes ACh VAT takes in ACh into vesicle Stimulus occurs - vesicle is released ACh broken down via AChE Choline take back up into nerve terminal
22
Q
Describe how adrenergic transmission occurs.
A
Tyrosine enters cell (w/ Na) Tyrosine hydroxylase makes L-DOPA L-DOPA becomes Dopamine VMAT take dopamine into the vesicle Dopamine becomes NE Stimulus causes NE release NE taken back into cell via NET
23
Q
What drug inhibits Tyrosine hydroxylase?
A
Metyrosine
24
Q
What drug depletes NE from vesicle?
A
Reserpine
25
What drugs inhibit NET?
Cocaine + Antidepressants
26
What drugs inhibit CHT?
Hemicholiniums
27
What drugs inhibit VAT?
Vesamicol
28
What toxin inhibits ACh release?
Botulism
29
What do amphetamines do to adrenergic transmission?
Reverse transport to increase release
30
What two enzymes metabolize NE?
MAO + COMT
31
What are the four cholinergic receptors?
M1-3 + N
32
Where is M1 found?
Sweat glands + CNS
33
Where is M2 found?
Heart
Smooth muscle
Pre-synaptic nerve terminals
34
Where is M3 found?
Exocrine glands
Smooth muscle
Vascular endothelium
35
Where are N receptors found?
NMJ
| Ganglia
36
What receptor does M1 + M3 interact with? What does it do?
Gq
| Increase PLC + IP3 + DAG
37
What receptor does M2 interact with? What does it do?
Gi
| Inhibit cAMP
38
What kind of receptor are nicotinic receptors?
Na+ channels
39
Where are alpha1 receptors found?
Smooth muscle
40
What receptor type is alpha1 related to? What does it do?
Gq
Increase PLC + IP3 + DAG
Ca2+ increases = cell depolarizes
41
What receptor type is alpha2 related to? What does it do?
Gi
| Decrease cAMP
42
Where is alpha2 found?
Pre-synaptic terminal
| Smooth muscle
43
What receptor does ALL betas interact with? What do they do?
Gs
| Stimulate cAMP
44
Where are beta1 receptors found?
Heart
45
What is the general effect of beta1?
Increase HR + Force of contraction
46
Where are beta2 receptors found?
Bronchioles + Heart + SM in skeletal blood vessels
47
Where are beta3 receptors found?
Fat cells + Bladder
48
What is the general effect of beta3?
Increase lipolysis
| Relax bladder
49
How many dopamine receptors are there?
5
50
Where are D1 + D5 receptors found?
Brain + Vascular beds
51
What is the typical response (molecularly) to D1 or D5 stimulus?
Increase cAMP
52
Where are D2-4 found?
Brain and other tissues
53
What is the typical response (molecularly) to D2-4 stimulus?
Decrease cAMP
54
What are the three pre-synaptic regulatory receptors?
Alpha2 + Beta + M2
55
What do pre-synaptic alpha2 receptors inhibit?
NE release
56
What do pre-synaptic beta receptors do?
Increase NE release
57
What do pre-synaptic M2 receptors do?
Inhibit NE release
58
What type of receptor is M2 consider when it is pre-synaptic?
Heteroreceptor
59
What type of receptor is Beta when it is pre-synaptic?
Autoreceptor
60
What molecule takes part in endocytosis of an activated receptor?
B-arrestin
61
What are the two places with NO PNS?
Blood vessels + Sweat glands
62
What are the VERY basic characteristics of PNS function?
rest and digest
discrete innervation
Necessary for life
63
What are the VERY basic characteristics of SNS function?
Fight or flight
Coordinated
Respond to stress
64
With PNS stimulation what happens with heart rate?
slows
65
With PNS stimulation what happens with secretions?
Gastric + Salivation increase
66
With PNS stimulation what happens with GI activity?
Increases
67
With PNS stimulation what happens with GI sphincters?
Relax
68
With PNS stimulation what happens with pupils?
Contract
69
With PNS stimulation what happens with accommodation for eyes?
Near vision
70
With SNS stimulation what happens with heart rate?
increases
71
With SNS stimulation what happens with blood vessels to muscles?
dilate
72
With SNS stimulation what happens with bronchioles?
dilate
73
With SNS stimulation what happens with GI?
Less active, sphincters contract
74
With SNS stimulation what happens with eyes?
Pupils dilate + accommodation for distance
75
With SNS stimulation what happens with metabolism?
Increase lipolysis + blood sugar
76
With SNS stimulation what happens with the kidneys?
Increase renin secretion
77
What 4 things occur in the Heart, BV, and lungs with PNS stimulus?
Bronchoconstriction
Mucus secretion
Decrease heart rate
Decrease atrioventricular conduction
78
What 4 things occur in the Heart, BV, and lungs with SNS stimulus?
Bronchodilation
Increase heart rate
Increase Atrioventicular conduction
contractility
79
What does M2 do in the heart?
Decrease heart rate + conduction
80
What does M3 do in the heart, blood vessels, and lungs?
Bronchoconstriction
81
What does B2 do in the heart, blood vessels, and lungs?
Relax BV to skeletal muscles
relax bronchioles
(small effect on heart rate)
82
What does B1 do in the heart, blood vessels, and lungs?
Increase HR + AV conduction + Contraction
83
What does alpha1 do in the heart, blood vessels, and lungs?
Constrict most other BV in the body
84
Why do you see an increase then a decrease in HR with SNS stimulation?
Baroreceptors keep heart rate in check
85
What do baroreceptors monitor?
MAP
86
Where do baroreceptors send their message?
VMC in medulla
87
Where are baroreceptors located?
Aortic arch + Carotid artery
88
What two things do NE stimulate that cause an increase in BP?
```
alpha = Vasoconstriction
B1 = Increase HR
```
89
What changes diastolic pressure?
Vasoconstriction (alpha stimulus)
90
What changes systolic pressure?
Difference between CO + vasoconstriction
91
What are the general PNS effects on the GI tract?
Hydrochloric acid secretion increased
Motility increased
Sphincters relaxed
92
What receptor works on the GI tract via PNS?
M3
93
What are the general effects of SNS on GI tract?
Glycogenolysis
| Decreased motility
94
What receptor from SNS is responsible for increased glycogenolysis?
B2
95
What SNS receptor is responsible for relaxing the GI tract?
Alpha2 + Beta2
96
What are the PNS effects on the Gentiourinary tract?
Urination = contract bladder + relax sphincters
| Erection
97
What does B1 do in the gentiourinary tract?
Increase renin
98
What does B2 do in the gentiourinary tract?
Relax bladder wall + uterus
99
What does A2 do in the gentiourinary tract?
Contract sphincters - Ejaculation
100
What are the PNS effects in the eyes?
```
Miosis
Accommodation
Lacrimation
Mucus secretion
Salivation
```
101
What are the SNS effects in the eyes?
Mydriasis
Vasoconstriction
Salivation
102
What receptors acts in the eyes for the SNS?
Alpha
103
Is PNS vision near or far?
Near
104
What muscle controls accommodation?
Ciliary muscle
105
What is the shape of the lens for near vision?
Rounded
106
What receptors constrict the ciliary muscle?
M
107
Which pupil muscle is SNS?
Radial muscle
108
What pupil muscle is PNS?
Circular muscle
109
What receptor is on the circular muscle?
M3
110
What receptor is on the radial muscle?
Alpha1
111
What are the muscarinic effects on the eye?
Iris circular muscle = Constriction
Ciliary muscle = Accomodation (near)
Decrease pressure = outflow of aqueous humor
112
What are the adrenergic effects on the eye?
Radial muscle = Dilation
without cycloplegia - no effect on ciliary muscle
Decrease intraocular pressure (alpha)
Increase intraocular pressure (beta)
