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Pharmacology I > Lecture 10 - Intro to ANS > Flashcards

Lecture 10 - Intro to ANS Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the ANS.

A

Unconscious control

Visceral functions

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2
Q

Describe the somatic nervous system.

A

Conscious control

Movement, posture

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3
Q

What are all pre-synaptic terminals composed of? (receptor, NT)

A

ACh to Nicotinic

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4
Q

What are all PNS synapses composed of? (receptor, NT)

A

ACh to Muscarinic

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5
Q

What are all NMJ’s composed of? (receptor, NT)

A

ACh to Nicotinic

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6
Q

What are three types of SNS receptors?

A

M + A/B + D

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7
Q

Where are SNS M found? What stimulates them?

A

Sweat glands, ACh

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8
Q

Where are SNS A/B receptors found? What stimulates them?

A

Cardiac + Smooth Muscle
Gland cells + Nerve terminals
NE

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9
Q

Where are SNS D receptors found? What stimulates them?

A

Dopamine

Renal vascular SM

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10
Q

Where do PNS preganglionic fibers originate?

A

Midbrain + Medulla Oblongata + Sacral area

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11
Q

Are preganglionic fibers of PNS short or long?

A

Long

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12
Q

Where do preganglionic fibers from SNS synapse?

A

Paravertrbral chains

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13
Q

Where do SNS preganglionic fibers originate?

A

Thoracic + Lumbar

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14
Q

What is special about the SNS in regards to having the paravertberal chain?

A

Can coordinate reactions

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15
Q

What does SNS NE act on?

A

Alpha + Beta1 receptors

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16
Q

What does the epinephrine from adrenal medulla act on receptor wise?

A

Alpha + Beta

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17
Q

List all the places (we need to know) that ACh is released from.

A 
Pre-ganglionic fibers 
Post-ganglionic PNS 
SNS to sweat glands 
Adrenal medulla innervation 
NMJ
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18
Q

List all the places (we need to know) that NE is released.

A

Most port-ganglionic SNS

Adrenal medulla

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19
Q

What is acetylcholine made from?

A

Choline + Acetyl CoA

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20
Q

What enzyme makes ACh?

A

ChAT

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21
Q

Describe how cholinergic transmission occurs.

A 
Choline enters cell via CHT (w/ Na) 
ChAT makes ACh 
VAT takes in ACh into vesicle 
Stimulus occurs - vesicle is released 
ACh broken down via AChE 
Choline take back up into nerve terminal
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22
Q

Describe how adrenergic transmission occurs.

A 
Tyrosine enters cell (w/ Na) 
Tyrosine hydroxylase makes L-DOPA 
L-DOPA becomes Dopamine 
VMAT take dopamine into the vesicle 
Dopamine becomes NE 
Stimulus causes NE release 
NE taken back into cell via NET
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23
Q

What drug inhibits Tyrosine hydroxylase?

A

Metyrosine

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24
Q

What drug depletes NE from vesicle?

A

Reserpine

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25
Q

What drugs inhibit NET?

A

Cocaine + Antidepressants

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26
Q

What drugs inhibit CHT?

A

Hemicholiniums

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27
Q

What drugs inhibit VAT?

A

Vesamicol

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28
Q

What toxin inhibits ACh release?

A

Botulism

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29
Q

What do amphetamines do to adrenergic transmission?

A

Reverse transport to increase release

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30
Q

What two enzymes metabolize NE?

A

MAO + COMT

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31
Q

What are the four cholinergic receptors?

A

M1-3 + N

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32
Q

Where is M1 found?

A

Sweat glands + CNS

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33
Q

Where is M2 found?

A

Heart
Smooth muscle
Pre-synaptic nerve terminals

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34
Q

Where is M3 found?

A

Exocrine glands
Smooth muscle
Vascular endothelium

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35
Q

Where are N receptors found?

A

NMJ

Ganglia

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36
Q

What receptor does M1 + M3 interact with? What does it do?

A

Gq

Increase PLC + IP3 + DAG

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37
Q

What receptor does M2 interact with? What does it do?

A

Gi

Inhibit cAMP

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38
Q

What kind of receptor are nicotinic receptors?

A

Na+ channels

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39
Q

Where are alpha1 receptors found?

A

Smooth muscle

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40
Q

What receptor type is alpha1 related to? What does it do?

A

Gq
Increase PLC + IP3 + DAG
Ca2+ increases = cell depolarizes

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41
Q

What receptor type is alpha2 related to? What does it do?

A

Gi

Decrease cAMP

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42
Q

Where is alpha2 found?

A

Pre-synaptic terminal

Smooth muscle

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43
Q

What receptor does ALL betas interact with? What do they do?

A

Gs

Stimulate cAMP

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44
Q

Where are beta1 receptors found?

A

Heart

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45
Q

What is the general effect of beta1?

A

Increase HR + Force of contraction

46
Q

Where are beta2 receptors found?

A

Bronchioles + Heart + SM in skeletal blood vessels

47
Q

Where are beta3 receptors found?

A

Fat cells + Bladder

48
Q

What is the general effect of beta3?

A

Increase lipolysis

Relax bladder

49
Q

How many dopamine receptors are there?

50
Q

Where are D1 + D5 receptors found?

A

Brain + Vascular beds

51
Q

What is the typical response (molecularly) to D1 or D5 stimulus?

A

Increase cAMP

52
Q

Where are D2-4 found?

A

Brain and other tissues

53
Q

What is the typical response (molecularly) to D2-4 stimulus?

A

Decrease cAMP

54
Q

What are the three pre-synaptic regulatory receptors?

A

Alpha2 + Beta + M2

55
Q

What do pre-synaptic alpha2 receptors inhibit?

A

NE release

56
Q

What do pre-synaptic beta receptors do?

A

Increase NE release

57
Q

What do pre-synaptic M2 receptors do?

A

Inhibit NE release

58
Q

What type of receptor is M2 consider when it is pre-synaptic?

A

Heteroreceptor

59
Q

What type of receptor is Beta when it is pre-synaptic?

A

Autoreceptor

60
Q

What molecule takes part in endocytosis of an activated receptor?

A

B-arrestin

61
Q

What are the two places with NO PNS?

A

Blood vessels + Sweat glands

62
Q

What are the VERY basic characteristics of PNS function?

A

rest and digest
discrete innervation
Necessary for life

63
Q

What are the VERY basic characteristics of SNS function?

A

Fight or flight
Coordinated
Respond to stress

64
Q

With PNS stimulation what happens with heart rate?

65
Q

With PNS stimulation what happens with secretions?

A

Gastric + Salivation increase

66
Q

With PNS stimulation what happens with GI activity?

67
Q

With PNS stimulation what happens with GI sphincters?

68
Q

With PNS stimulation what happens with pupils?

69
Q

With PNS stimulation what happens with accommodation for eyes?

A

Near vision

70
Q

With SNS stimulation what happens with heart rate?

71
Q

With SNS stimulation what happens with blood vessels to muscles?

72
Q

With SNS stimulation what happens with bronchioles?

73
Q

With SNS stimulation what happens with GI?

A

Less active, sphincters contract

74
Q

With SNS stimulation what happens with eyes?

A

Pupils dilate + accommodation for distance

75
Q

With SNS stimulation what happens with metabolism?

A

Increase lipolysis + blood sugar

76
Q

With SNS stimulation what happens with the kidneys?

A

Increase renin secretion

77
Q

What 4 things occur in the Heart, BV, and lungs with PNS stimulus?

A

Bronchoconstriction
Mucus secretion
Decrease heart rate
Decrease atrioventricular conduction

78
Q

What 4 things occur in the Heart, BV, and lungs with SNS stimulus?

A

Bronchodilation
Increase heart rate
Increase Atrioventicular conduction
contractility

79
Q

What does M2 do in the heart?

A

Decrease heart rate + conduction

80
Q

What does M3 do in the heart, blood vessels, and lungs?

A

Bronchoconstriction

81
Q

What does B2 do in the heart, blood vessels, and lungs?

A

Relax BV to skeletal muscles
relax bronchioles
(small effect on heart rate)

82
Q

What does B1 do in the heart, blood vessels, and lungs?

A

Increase HR + AV conduction + Contraction

83
Q

What does alpha1 do in the heart, blood vessels, and lungs?

A

Constrict most other BV in the body

84
Q

Why do you see an increase then a decrease in HR with SNS stimulation?

A

Baroreceptors keep heart rate in check

85
Q

What do baroreceptors monitor?

86
Q

Where do baroreceptors send their message?

A

VMC in medulla

87
Q

Where are baroreceptors located?

A

Aortic arch + Carotid artery

88
Q

What two things do NE stimulate that cause an increase in BP?

A 
alpha = Vasoconstriction 
B1 = Increase HR
89
Q

What changes diastolic pressure?

A

Vasoconstriction (alpha stimulus)

90
Q

What changes systolic pressure?

A

Difference between CO + vasoconstriction

91
Q

What are the general PNS effects on the GI tract?

A

Hydrochloric acid secretion increased
Motility increased
Sphincters relaxed

92
Q

What receptor works on the GI tract via PNS?

93
Q

What are the general effects of SNS on GI tract?

A

Glycogenolysis

Decreased motility

94
Q

What receptor from SNS is responsible for increased glycogenolysis?

95
Q

What SNS receptor is responsible for relaxing the GI tract?

A

Alpha2 + Beta2

96
Q

What are the PNS effects on the Gentiourinary tract?

A

Urination = contract bladder + relax sphincters

Erection

97
Q

What does B1 do in the gentiourinary tract?

A

Increase renin

98
Q

What does B2 do in the gentiourinary tract?

A

Relax bladder wall + uterus

99
Q

What does A2 do in the gentiourinary tract?

A

Contract sphincters - Ejaculation

100
Q

What are the PNS effects in the eyes?

A 
Miosis 
Accommodation 
Lacrimation 
Mucus secretion 
Salivation
101
Q

What are the SNS effects in the eyes?

A

Mydriasis
Vasoconstriction
Salivation

102
Q

What receptors acts in the eyes for the SNS?

103
Q

Is PNS vision near or far?

104
Q

What muscle controls accommodation?

A

Ciliary muscle

105
Q

What is the shape of the lens for near vision?

106
Q

What receptors constrict the ciliary muscle?

107
Q

Which pupil muscle is SNS?

A

Radial muscle

108
Q

What pupil muscle is PNS?

A

Circular muscle

109
Q

What receptor is on the circular muscle?

110
Q

What receptor is on the radial muscle?

111
Q

What are the muscarinic effects on the eye?

A

Iris circular muscle = Constriction
Ciliary muscle = Accomodation (near)
Decrease pressure = outflow of aqueous humor

112
Q

What are the adrenergic effects on the eye?

A

Radial muscle = Dilation
without cycloplegia - no effect on ciliary muscle
Decrease intraocular pressure (alpha)
Increase intraocular pressure (beta)

Pharmacology I (21 decks)

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