Lecture 8: Diversity and Problem Solving Flashcards
Define Diversity
People from different countries or religions
- race
- ethnicity
- culture
Define Race
Used to refer to people who possess similar physical characteristics
- skin colour
- body structure
- hair texture/facial appearance
Important to not generalize peoples cultural attitudes or behaviors based on their appearance
Define ethnicity
Groups of people sharing
- common history and origin
- ancestry
- language
- nationality
- religion/mythology
- physical appearance
- culture
“inherited status”
Define culture
- a social construct that creates structure
- a group of people with shared values thoughts rituals language
- often share the same ethnicity
Impact of diversity
patients with different health care traditions may be leery of western medicine
Duty as an MRT when it comes to diversity
patient assessment should include
- culture
- sociological/psychological
- physiological and biological
must try to understand patients beliefs and values
Smiling in different culutres
In canada viewed as friendliness
in other cultures, saved for close acquaintances
- being dishonest
- reflect lower inteligence
Eye contact in different cultures
In canada, showing interest and building a connection
- in other cultures eye contact between men and women is innapropriate
- direct eye contact is avoided as a sign of respect
Nodding in other cultures
in canada, sign of understanding or agreement
other cultures can indicate refusal or acknowledgement but not agreement
touching and personal space
In some cultures touching and personal space of the opposite sex is frowned upon (explain the need and ask permission)
different cultures have different norms on personal space
Family relationships in other cultures
- respecting elders
- older family members may make decisions for them
- gender rules
- male guardianship
- questioning femail patients alone
Medical Interpreters in hospitals
- language barriers negatively affect healthcare
- important things to remember when using an interpreter
- speak directly to the patient
- dont ask the interpreter questions
Cultural stereotypes
can be positive or negative
when in doubt ask questions
- can negatively affect patient care
Define sociological
- patients economic, education , family status
- all these can make an impact on patient health
sociological stereotypes
never make assumptions about patients lifestyles because of their address or appearance/socioeconomic status
Psychological evaluation & stats
how will the patients self concept and mental health affect their care
according to CMHA by age 40 50% of canadians will have had or have a mental illness (comorbidity between illness and substance abuse)
Communicating with patients with mental illness tips
- doesnt define them (put the person first)
- patients with anxiety may need reassurance and careful explanation of procedure
- patients experiencing psychotic episode may be distrustful of healthcare professionals
Schizophrenic patients
may be more susceptible to violence than being the perpotrator
Depressed patients
not always in depressed state of mind (dont talk to them as if they are)
Physiological and biological differences in patients
- skeletal differences between race and sexes (angles for males and females)
- african americans have higher BMD and shorter hip axis than white person
- african americans have higher eGFR
Why is it important to ask transgender patients about birth sex & current organs
- skeletal differences
- shielding differences
- technique differences
Indigenous Patients
- must respect and acknowledge diverse personal histories of indigenous patients
- respect alternative forms of medicine
Barriers to diversity and communication
- stereotyping
- lack of knowledge and understanding
- ethnocentrism
- use of slang and terminology
Define critical thinking
objective analysis of an issue to form judgement
