Lecture 8 - Congenital Heart Defects Flashcards
draw a baby heart and label the sys/diastole pressure’s
use this to work out direction of blood flow in a hear if there is a hole
check against lecture 9
what are the congenital heat defects you need to know, group them.
acyanotic and Left to right Shunts
ASD - Atrial septal defect
VSD - Ventricular septal defect
PDA - Patent ductus atreriosis
Coarctation of the aorta
Cyanotic (needs obstruction) with a Right to left Shunt
Tetralogy of Fallot
Transposition of the great arteries
tricuspid atresia
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome
Note : PFO - Patent foramen ovale - very common and not normally an issue, pressure keeps valve closed anyways
what is cyanosis ? what is neededfor cyanosis to occur ?
blue blood , baby looks blue due to deoxy blood in circulation
caused by a right to left shunt with an obstruction, so deoxy blood is entering the systemic circulation
describe ASD
atrial Spetal Defect
is a Left to right shunt and acyanotic
blood is coming from left atria to right, so blood volume in the pulmonary system is higher - this can cause pulmonary hypertension - but rare as pressures are similar - not much flow
will cause Right ventricular hypertrophy over time
bonus : defect can be in septum secundum or spetum primum
Describe VSD
is a Left to right shunt and acyanotic
large pressure difference - so lots of blood will enter the pulmonary system via the right ventricle - will cause pulmonary hypertension - medical emergency often
most commonly occurs in the membranous portion of the septum
Describe Coarctation of the aorta
acyanotic
narrowing of the aorta by the DA, leads to lack of blood flow to gut and limbs
increase after load on the left ventricle and will lead to left ventricular hypertrophy
you will see a weak femoral pulse
Describe a PDA
is a Left to right shunt and acyanotic
can be problematic - pulmonary hypertension
Describe the Tetralogy of Fallot
Right to left shunt and can be cyanotic - operate ASAP
- ventricular septal defect
- Overriding aorta
- Pulmonary stenosis
- right ventricular hypertrophy caused by the pulmonary stenosis - RV must pump harder to pump the blood through pulmonary system
Describe Transposition of the great arteries
right to left shunt - cyanotic
aorta is linked to RV and pulmonary artery linked to the LV - two separate systems with no crossing without some other defects such as an ASD , VSD can make it viable for life
Describe Tricuspid Atresia
right to left shunt - cyanotic
tricuspid valve is non existent as it did not develop
requires other defects like ASD and VSD to be viable for life
Describe hypoplastic Left Heart
right to left shunt - cyanotic
needs surgery
left ventricle and ascending aorta fail to develop properly, PFO and ASD will also be present
outline the aetiology of congential heart defects
can be Genetic - downs, marfans, tuners all come with increased occurrence of heart defects
can be enviromental - obese mother, alocholic mother ect
can be a disease the mother contracts - rubella
what is eisenmenger sydrome ?
long-standing left-to-right cardiac shunt caused by a congenital heart defect (typically by a ventricular septal defect, atrial septal defect, or less commonly, patent ductus arteriosus) causes pulmonary hypertension
