Lecture 8

Question 1

What is the point of photsyntheis?

Answer 1

To fix Carbon by reducing it

Question 2

How do you know if something is oxidized or reduced?

Answer 2

Something is more oxidized if it has more Oxygens

Question 3

What is the point of Light Reactions?

Answer 3

Use energy carried by light and convert it into ATP and NADPH to power the Calvin Cycle

Question 4

What are the components of chloroplasts?

Answer 4

Stroma, Thylakoid Lumen, Thylakoid Membrane, Inner ad Outer Membranes of Chloroplast

Question 5

What happens in the Stroma?

Answer 5

The Calvin Cycle

Question 6

What happens in the Thylakoid Membrane?

Answer 6

The Light Reactions

Question 7

What happens in photosystem II?

Answer 7

Light energy provides energy for photolysis and an electron is excited from water, Oxygen is waste

Question 8

What is Photolysis?

Answer 8

The splitting of water

Question 9

What is an Electron Transport Chain? When does it take place?

Answer 9

A series of redox reactions that slowly release energy to be converted into an H+ gradient. It takes place between Photosystems II and I

Question 10

What happens in photosystem I?

Answer 10

The electron is re-excited by light and reduces NADP+ into NADPH

Question 11

What is photophosphorylation?

Answer 11

Light energy creates a H+ gradient which powers ATP synthase to produce ATP

Question 12

What is ATP synthase made of? Where is it?

Answer 12

F1 headpiece and F0 Stalk, it is in the Thylakoid membrane and goes from lumen to the stroma

Question 13

What is NADPH?

Answer 13

It carries electrons from the light reactions to the Calvin Cycle

Question 14

What is the point of the Calvin Cycle?

Answer 14

To fix carbon, i.e. convert inorganic carbon to organic carbon

Question 15

What are the steps of the Calvin Cycle?

Answer 15

1. Carbon Fixation 2. Reduction 3. Regeneration

Question 16

What does rubisco do to CO2?

Answer 16

Rubisco takes RuBP which has 5C, and adds the C from CO2 to it. This produces a 6C unstable intermediate

Question 17

What does the 6C unstable intermediate do?

Answer 17

It dissociates into two 3C compounds

Question 18

What happens to the 3 carbon compounds?

Answer 18

ATP and NADPH provide energy to the 3C compounds, one exits the cycle

Question 19

What happens after a 3C compound leaves the cycle?

Answer 19

The 3C left behind has ATP added to it and goes on to become RuBP (5C) which continues the cycle

Question 20

How many times does the Calvin Cycle spin for 1 G3P?

Answer 20

3

Question 21

What is the Net Inputs of the Calvin Cycle?

Answer 21

3 CO2, 6 NADPH, 9 ATP. This is to produce 1 G3P

Question 22

How does the cell generate more ATP than NADPH?

Answer 22

The cyclic electron cycle make an electron go through the ETC but instead of the excited electron going to NADP+ it goes back through the ETC. This is done until there is enough ATP, and is regulated by amount of ADP