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Bio 107 > Lecture 5 > Flashcards

Lecture 5 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the Endomembrane System? What does it include?

A

It is a system of membrane bound organelles that originated from the infoldings of the cell membrane, it is connected with vesicles. It includes the ER, Golgi, Lysosome, Mitochondria and the outer nuclear membrane because it morphs into the ER

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2
Q

What is the ER? What does it do?

A

The Endoplasmic Reticulum and has smooth version, SER and a rough version, RER that have different functions

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3
Q

What is the RER? What does it do?

A

The Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum has ribosomes imbedded in it which synthesis proteins associated with the endomembrane system and are quality control for proteins

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4
Q

What is a ribosome?

A

Consists of 2 major protein components (small and large) and associate rRNA. Its a translation enzyme

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5
Q

What is the SER? What does it do?

A

The Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum does not have ribosomes in it. It is storage for enzymes, synthesizes phospholipids and steroids’ and detoxifies drugs and alcohol

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6
Q

What is the Golgi Apparatus? What does it do?

A

The Golgi Apparatus is a set of flattened membranes sacks called cisterna. The Golgi receives cargo from the ER and sorts it so the cargo can go to different destinations in the Endomembrane system.

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7
Q

What are the three sections of the Golgi called?

A

Cis-receiving side. Medial-middle. Trans-exit

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8
Q

What are the two proposed ways of Golgi trafficking?

A

Vesicle Trafficking and Cisternal Maturation

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9
Q

What is Cisternal Maturation?

A

This is when the cis cisterna receives cargo and then moves to become the medial cisterna. Vesicles come and take its place. The new medial cisterna then become the trans cisterna and the old trans cisterna will become vesicles. This process repeats.

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10
Q

What is Vesical Trafficking?

A

Vesicles move throughout the Golgi moving cargo from one cisterna to the next

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11
Q

What is a Lysosome? What does it do?

A

A lysosome digests macromolecules from endocytosis and is full of hydrolytic enzymes that work best at pH 5. They actively pump H+ to maintain this low pH so they don’t accidentally commit autophagy

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12
Q

What is Autophagy?

A

Organellular recycling. A lysosome can purposely burst to comit apoptosis

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13
Q

What is Apoptosis?

A

The cell uses the lysosomes to commit suicide

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14
Q

What is Tay Sachs?

A

A disease in which the lysosome lacks a certain enzyme that breaks down a lipid. This lipid accumulates and causes neuronal cell death. Its terminal

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15
Q

What is the Cytoskeleton?

A

A network of fibers in the cell that maintain shape structure and mobility. It has 3 main components

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16
Q

What are the 3 components of the cytoskeleton?

A

Microfilaments, microtubules and intermediate filaments

17
Q

What are microfilaments? What do they do?

A

A microfilament is a polymer of actin. Its function is tension resistance and assists in movement: muscle contraction and cytokinesis.

18
Q

What is myosin? How does it work?

A

Myosin is the motor protein used by microfilaments to allow movement. The myosin does a bicep curl to contract muscles

19
Q

What are microtubules?

A

A microtubule is a polymer of tubulin and its function is compression resistance. It is made of protofilaments and has the motor proteins kinesin and dynein

20
Q

What is a tubulin?

A

A dimer of alpha and beta tubulin dimers

21
Q

What is a protofilament?

A

A strand of alpha beta tubulin. 13 protofilaments will come together to create a microtubule

22
Q

What is Kinesin? What does it do?

A

A positive end directed MT motor protein. It carry’s vesicles across microtubules in a monkey bar motion. It is a man walking

23
Q

What is Dynein? What does it do?

A

A negative end directed MT motor protein. It is unclear how it moves but it helps eukaryotic flagellum move

24
Q

What is a dimer?

A

Two covalently bound things

25
Q

What is an intermediate filament? What dos it do?

A

A rope like filament that assists in tension resistance. It is heterogenous, lacks directionality and has no associated motor protons. An example would be laminin which make up the nuclear lamina

26
Q

What is the nucleus? What does it do?

A

It is the storage of DNA and the site of gene expression. It is double membraned and the outer membrane is continuous with the ER.

27
Q

What is a nucleolus? What does it do?

A

It is the site of ribosomal subunit assembly. The subunits of ribosomes associate with rRNA here. The subunits leave the nucleus separate and come together in the cytoplasm during translation

28
Q

What is the nuclear envelope?

A

Both nuclear membranes, its made of 2 lipid bilayers and a nuclear lamina. It protects the DNA

29
Q

What is nuclear lamina?

A

The inner surface of the inner nuclear membrane, it provides support

Bio 107 (12 decks)

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