Lecture 8

Question 1

What is an example of pathogen that can result in the formation of granulomas?

Answer 1

intracellular bacterium - mycobacterium leprae

Question 2

which cytokines are involved with tipping the immune response to a TH1 predominant response?

Answer 2

IL2
IFNgamma
TNFbeta

Question 3

what are TLR’s and what do they bind?

Answer 3

toll like receptors

TLR bind PAMPs - pathogen associated molecular patterns

Question 4

what are the roles of antibodies?

Answer 4

opsonisation - bind Fc receptors on phagocytes
complement activation
bind to and neutralise toxins
bind to surface structures to prevent mucosal adherence

Question 5

what is LPS and on what type of bacteria?

Answer 5

LPS forms the outer membrane of a gram-negative cell wall

Question 6

what is an infection which results in the production of a potent toxin?

Answer 6

Clostrium tetani

Question 7

what kind of infections can Neisseria app cause?

Answer 7

bacterial meningitis

gonorrhoea

Question 8

which type of bacterial infections can the MAC be particularly useful in killing the pathogen?

Answer 8

lysis of gram-negative organisms

Question 9

why can the same infectious agent cause different distinct pathologies?

Answer 9

host immune system
age
co-morbidities