Lecture 8 Flashcards
what are the 4 types of mordern anaesthesia
- Anxiolysis
- Analgesia
- Hypnosis
- Muscle Relaxation
who successfully self experiments with nitrous oxide anaesthesia but strugles to demonstaret his new invention to the hospital
- Horace Wells 1844
What ar the different partition coefficients?
•The higher the blood-gas partition coefficient, the higher the potency of the anaesthetic.
•The lower the blood-gas partition coefficient, the
faster are onset of anaesthetic effect and recovery.
What is MAC
- minimum alveolar concentration
- 1 MAC = dose at whic 50% of subjects do not react to skin incision
who demonstarted the first successful anaesthetic with ehter
T G Morton 1846
what MAC is ether
1.9%
What MAC is Chloropform
0.5%
What MAC is N20
105%
which queen gave birth under chloroform
1853 Queen Victory gives birth to her 8th son Leopold
Thiopental
•First used 1934 by Lundi and Waters, last barbiturate in anaesthesia
Advantage: fast onset (20 seconds), short duration of action (via redistribution)
Disadvantage: unstable solution, strongly alkaline, repeated doses will lead to accumulation in fatty tissue, cardiovascular and respiratory
depression
Propofol
•Discovered 1977
•Most commonly used intravenous anaesthetic in Australia
Advantage: fast onset (approx. 60 seconds), fast metabolism (liver), ideal for sedation and
induction / maintenance of general anaesthesia
•Disadvantage: painful injection, cardiovascular and respiratory depression
Ketamine
•Discovered 1942,
•NMDA receptor antagonist
Produces “dissociative anaesthesia” (analgesia with only moderate hypnosis)
•Advantage: fast onset, compared to other agents very low respiratory depression, high
cardiovascular stability (sympathomimetic) ideal “field anaesthetic”
•Disadvantage: increases intracranial pressure,
hallucinations, nightmares
