LECTURE #8 & 9

Question 1

name the 5 purposes of practices : skills and training :

Answer 1

• aerobic
• anaerobic
• strength
• neuromuscular
• specificity

Question 2

define the four time motion analysis specificities :

Answer 2

• work intervals
• recovery intervals
• intensities
• metabolic activation

Question 3

what are the two types fibers ?

Answer 3

slow and fast twitch

Question 4

what are the two types of glycolysis ?

Answer 4

anaerobic and aerobic

Question 5

with what do we see beta oxidation ?

Answer 5

fats

Question 6

what is beta oxidation ?

Answer 6

two carbon atoms are removed in the form of acetyl-CoA from acyl-CoA at the carboxyl termin

Question 7

between a trained and untrained athlete what effect do we see in different training intensities ?

Answer 7

trained athletes have higher VO2 max, higher oxidative fibers and high mitochondrial content

Question 8

describe the three mitochondria content fibers :

Answer 8

• slow oxidative (type I)
• fast oxidative (type IIa)
• fast glycolytic (IIx)

Question 9

name some examples of endurance sports :

Answer 9

• running
• swimming
• cycling
• rowing

Question 10

is the Krebs cycle aerobic or anaerobic process ?

Answer 10

aerobic

Question 11

define muscle adaptations specificity :

Answer 11

the muscles you train during a specific exercise are the ones that begin to adapt and respond.

Question 12

FILL IN THE BLANK

strength-training induced changes are __________, _________ and ________ specific

Answer 12

movement, speed and load specific

Question 13

describe slow twitch muscle fibers :

Answer 13

use aerobic metabolism to produce low power contractions over long periods and are slow to fatigue (aerobic)

Question 14

slow oxidative fibers are type 1, type 11a or type 11x

Answer 14

type I

Question 15

describe fast twitch muscle fibers :

Answer 15

built for short, powerful bursts of energy (aerobic)

Question 16

fast oxidative muscles are type I, type IIa or type IIx ?

Answer 16

type II

Question 17

what type of activities are slow twitch fibers for ?

Answer 17

endurance

Question 18

what type of activities are fast twitch fibers for ?

Answer 18

quick sprints/excellaration

Question 19

describe fast glycolytic muscle fibers :

Answer 19

fatigue quickly, permitting them to only be used for short periods (anaerobic)

Question 20

which of the muscle fibers are anaerobic ?

Answer 20

fast glycolytic

Question 21

which of the muscle fibers are aerobic ?

Answer 21

slow and fast oxidative

Question 22

fast glycolytic muscles are type I, type IIa or type IIx ?

Answer 22

type IIx

Question 23

what does hypertrophy training do ?

Answer 23

increases contractile proteins

Question 24

what are two important contractile property relationships ?

Answer 24

length - tension relationship and force-velocity relationship

Question 25

define length-tension relationship :

Answer 25

there is an optimal length for maximal force production

Question 26

define the force-velocity relationship :

Answer 26

highest force is generated at slowest velocity

Question 27

why do we need a greater force ?

Answer 27

need to recruit more fibers and crossbridges

Question 28

why do we need an increased velocity ?

Answer 28

leads to increased power production (explosiveness of the athlete) and dec time for crossbridge formation (less force)

Question 29

what is a benefit gained in systems other than VO2 max, speed, strength and power from increased frequency and duration training ?

Answer 29

consistency

Question 30

describe overload :

Answer 30

continued improvement will not occur unless physiological system are continuously overloaded

Question 31

describe specificity :

Answer 31

the more sport specific the tearing the better

Question 32

what is muscle sober recruitment ?

Answer 32

a measure of how many motor neurons are activated in a particular muscle

Question 33

using soccer like example; describe a regular season game demands :

Answer 33

- around 90 mins games - 10% anaerobic - 80% time - low intensity - average HR 170

Question 34

why is ATP important for athletes ?

Answer 34

helps fuel their performance; provides the energy necessary for muscle contractions, promotes recovery after exercise, and helps restore energy levels