Lecture 8 Flashcards
OT role in cognitive rehab
- Increasing focus on top-down approaches (task analysis skills)
- Relevant and meaningful to client
- Encourages motivation
Bottom up vs top down approaches
Bottom up - Assesses cognitive skills/components - Used to confirm presence of suspected impairment - Used to measure improvements in impairments - E.g. Westmead PTA Scale; MMSE Top down - Assesses occupational performance - Uses observation of tasks performance - Used to assess the implications - Used to measure improvements in OP - E.g. AMPS, FIM
What are the basic cognitive skills?
- Orientation
- Attention
- Day to day memory
What do problems with attention look like?
- Low arousal
- Reduced concentration span
- Distractibility
- Slowed information processing
- Errors in performance
Implications of impaired attention
- Frustration, agitation
- Cognitive fatigue
- Safety and social implications
Assessment of attention
Standardised tests e.g. Digit repetition
Observation
Treatment strategies for attention
- Self-management strategies
- Environmental modification
- External aids
- Fatigue and stress management
- Computer based attention training programmes
What are the 3 stages of memory?
- Encoding
- Storage (working and long term memory)
- Retrieval
What is retrospective memory?
Ability to recall or recognise past events or stimuli
What is prospective memory?
Remember to carry out planned intentions in the future (e.g. appointments)
What do problems with memory look like?
- Unable to recall conversations
- Difficulty remembering names and faces
- Unable to remember to do things
- Difficulty learning new things
Assessment of memory
Hopkins Verbal Learning Test
Contextual memory test
Self report questionnaires
Memory interventions
- Restorative: restore memory function through training and repetitive skills
- Compensatory: strategy use to circumvent memory problems
What are internal memory strategies?
- Visual imagery techniques
- Face name association
What are external memory strategies?
- Diaries, notebooks, whiteboards, electronic organisers
- Labelled environment
