Lecture 8 Flashcards
Name the branching arteries off the aorta
Right brachiocephalic, left carotid, left subclavian,
what does the right brachiocephalic break up into
right common carotid artery and right subclavian artery
what part of the heart lies on the diaphragm?
the right ventricle lies flat
what lies in the atrioventricular groove?
right coronary artery and vein and also the tricuspid valve.
where does the coronary arteries originate
behind the two cusps of the aortic valve
what runs in the atrioventricular groove
right coronary artery
Where does the left coronary artery run and what does it give rise to?
In the interventricular groove, the anterior interventricular artery.
what lies within the atrioventricular groove?
coronary sulcus
what is the first branch of the right coronary artery
the sinoatrio node
what is the main coronary vein that drains back into the right atrium
coronary sinus
great cardiac vein? Where? empty into?
anterior interventricular sulcus, coronary sinus
middle cardiac vein? where? drains into? what is with it?
posterior interventricular sulcus, coronary sinus, posterior interventricular artery.
what does each lobe of the lung divide into
bronchopulmonary segments
what proportion of the lung is capillaries
70%
Which shunt then ensures that most blood (oxygenated ) is passed to the systemic circulation
ductus arteriosis
two portions of the atria?
atria has a smooth wall portion,
and a muscular portion
what are the 3 types of cardiac muscle?
myocardium: specialised muscle cells make up the muscular layer of the heart wall.
Endocardium: interior surface of the heart chambers, (also covers the heart valves. One way passages that allow blood to flow between chambers of the heart.
Pericardium: think double layered sac that surrounds the heart
name the path of the impulses within the heart
SA node, gather at the AV node, passes through a thick bundle of fibres (atrioventricular bundle), spreads through the interventricular septum with 2 branches (Purkinje fibre branches, one left, one right), you get a large elongated cardiac muscle (fewer microfibres, located right under the endothelial lining of the cavity.
What causes the ventricles to contract at the same time
Purkinje fibre branches, one left, one right
what is the forament ovalis composed of prenatally
two septa
what overall changes must occur during birth
change from single to double circulatory system
Describe the changes to the heart, mentioning the lungs and placenta, after birth
the lungs are filled with ameotic fluid
(no air). After birth, first breath, umbilical cord is cut, the fetal blood remains in the placenta (less blood going to the umbilical veins), and to the right atrium in general. Blood pressure in the right and left atria differs (less in RA), The reverse in pressure ensure that the foremen ovalis’s valve is closed by the pressure of the LA. When the child takes the first breath, the capillaries in the lungs expand, blood flows through the lung system (extensive),, lots of blood goes in (oxygenation from air (lots of SA)). LA gets more blood
what duct goes from the umbilical vein to the IVC
The ductus venosus through the liver
WHAT DOES PHERIPHERAL MEAN
oN THE eDGE OF SOMETHIN
what keeps the ductus arteriosus open?
Smooth muscle and prostaglandins(inhibits smooth muscle contraction) (keeping it open is very important)
what happens if the ductus arteriosus doesn’t close
if it doesn’t close, aortic pressure is too great. Blood in the lungs, increase pressure, and problems, respiratory problems.
what happens if the foramen ovalis doesn’t close
child cyanotic.
if the valve doesn’t close it properly, there will be blood coming from the venous side to the left side (oxygenated), disturbing the rest of the body from getting oxygen.
how does the ductus arteriosus close?
reflex closure, involving enzymes (within minutes Contraction. Smooth muscle degenerate Whole structure becomes fibrous And ductus arteriosus (takes a few weeks)
when does the ductus arteriosus doesn’t close (more likely)
premature births (high frequency of ductus arteriosus being open at birth) 4X normal
R/L Liver
Right
R/L Spleen
left
R/L Heart
left
R/L Appendix
right
R/L Stomach
left
what is the term used to describe the mirror image of the normal development of organs
situs inversus (begins at a molecular level, early in development) (opposing situs solitus)
what two major events drive functional adaptations to the circulatory system at birth
cutting the umbilical cord, changes to lungs after the first breath
