Lecture 2

Question 1

Name the 3 planes of the body in the anatomical position

Answer 1

Frontal/Coronal, Median saggital, transverse/horizontal

Question 2

Right Border of the Heart?

Answer 2

Right Atrium

Question 3

Left Border of the Heart?

Answer 3

Left Ventricle

Question 4

Superior Border of the Heart?

Answer 4

right and left atrium and Great vessels

Question 5

Inferior border of the heart

Answer 5

left and right ventricle

Question 6

Boundaries of the superior mediastinum

Answer 6

S: superior thoracic aperture, P: T1 to T4, A: Manubrium of the sternum, I: Sternal angle

Question 7

boundaries of the middle mediastinum

Answer 7

heart and roots of the great vessels

Question 8

boundaries of the anterior mediastinum

Answer 8

A: between body of sternum and pericardium

Question 9

boundaries of the posterior mediastinum

Answer 9

between posterior pericardium and the vertebral bodies

Question 10

what type of cell has fat in the cytoplasm

Answer 10

lipocytes

Question 11

what type of cells gives rise to connective tissues

Answer 11

mesenchymal cells

Question 12

another name for loose connective tissue

Answer 12

areolar tissue

Question 13

what is in a neurovascular bundle

Answer 13

VAN + LYMPH!!!

Question 14

What is superficial fascia

Answer 14

loose 3-d fascia that is right under the skin

Question 15

where does the mammary gland originate from

Answer 15

from the ectoderm, supported by the mesenchyme

Question 16

where is the mammary gland located

Answer 16

superficial fascia

Question 17

what is below superficial fascia

Answer 17

deep fascia

Question 18

name 3 things contained in superficial fascia

Answer 18

blood vessels. lymphatics, cutaneous nerves, sweat glands, hair follicles and the mammary gland.

Question 19

what are the pectoralis major and serratus anterior muscles attached to

Answer 19

the rib cage

Question 20

what is an aponeurosis

Answer 20

another name is the pectoral fascia, it’s the sheet of pearly-white fibrous tissue that takes the place of a tendon

Question 21

which way does the breast develop into

Answer 21

into auxiliary tail (where 60% of tumours develop)

Question 22

which way do the legs of the embryo grow

Answer 22

inward rotation to assume a plantar position

Question 23

which way do the arms of the embryo grow

Answer 23

outward rotation (to assume the anatomical position) and form a palmer surface

Question 24

when is the most vulnerable time of pregnancy

Answer 24

first 60 days, but most structures are already formed

Question 25

what are mesenchymal cells

Answer 25

embryonic multipotential cells, dormant cells in connective tissues may also exist

Question 26

what do mesenchymal cells give rise to

Answer 26

fibroblasts elastoblasts and cells form fibers and supporting ground substance

Question 27

what is fascia

Answer 27

general descriptive term for connective tissues

Question 28

two layers the skin is composed of

Answer 28

epidermis and dermis

Question 29

what does the ectoderm give rise to?

Answer 29

epithelia lining surfaces (includes central nervous system, epidermis and its appendages such as hair, nail, mammary gland etc)

Question 30

what does the endoderm give rise to?

Answer 30

gives rise to the epithelia ling the gut , respiratory system

Question 31

what does the mesoderm give rise to?

Answer 31

gives rise to the connective tissues of the body , cardiovascular system, urogenital system.