Lecture 4

Question 1

What is the purpose of CPR

Answer 1

pushing air out from the main aorta

Question 2

where is the subcostal groove and what does it contain?

Answer 2

the lower margin of every rib

Question 3

special name for cartilage in intervertebral disks?

Answer 3

hyaline cartilage

Question 4

where is the intervertebral foramen

Answer 4

between the vertebrae

Question 5

what travels in the intervertebral foramen

Answer 5

The spinal nerve

Question 6

Outer layer of the intervertebral disc

Answer 6

Anulus fibrosus, divided into rings, Fibro cartilage

Question 7

Inner layer of the intervertebral disc

Answer 7

Nucleus Pulposis

Question 8

Nucleus Pulposis, what is it’s function

Answer 8

lots of cells and expands laterally to absorb compression

Question 9

Fibro cartilage?

Answer 9

cartilage that contains fibrous bundles of collagen

Question 10

(DISC HERNIATION)?

Answer 10

Spinal disc herniation, also known as a slipped disc, is a medical condition affecting the spine in which a tear in the outer, fibrous ring of an intervertebral disc allows the soft, central portion to bulge out beyond the damaged outer rings. It will also constrict the nerves

Question 11

2nd sternal costal joint type?

Answer 11

synovial joint

Question 12

in a synovial joint, what are the four characteristics

Answer 12

periosteum, fibrous capsule, synovial fold (produces fluid to lubricate movement)
(hyline cartilage), and the joint cavity

Question 13

What is the difference between single and double synovial joints

Answer 13

Double has a disk between the joints allow gliding and sliding, and two separate synovial cavities

Question 14

joint of 1st rib to manubrium?

Answer 14

cartilaginous

Question 15

what surrounds a joint?

Answer 15

articular cartilage (which has blood vessels only in its deepest layers close to bone- hence an ideal tissue characteristic to distribute load at the enlarge surface area.

Question 16

what does the inner layer of the articular capsule form?

Answer 16

highly vascular synovial membrane which secretes small amount of synovial fluid to the joint cavity (synovial fold)

Question 17

what are bursae

Answer 17

Closed balloon-like sacs containing minimal lubricating fluids (like synovial fluid) are found in many areas of the body where movement may form friction e.g., between tendons ligaments

Question 18

what continues on from the intercostal muscles to the sternum/vertebrea

Answer 18

intercostal membranes (anterior and posterior)

Question 19

what clasps the internal thoracic vessels

Answer 19

the innermost muscles (limited to the sternal area)

Question 20

two branches of intercostal artery?

Answer 20

anterior and posterior

Question 21

what is the process to remove air and fluid from the cavities?

Answer 21

Tube thoracostomy

Question 22

what vein drains the thorax

Answer 22

azygous vein (drains the right side)

Question 23

what vein drain the left intercostal veins

Answer 23

hemi-azygous veins (drains into the azygous)

Question 24

points of attachment for the diaphragm?

Answer 24

ribs 7-12, arcuate ligaments, left crus (L1-3), right crus (L1-2), back of xyphoid process,insertion, it’s own central tendon.

Question 25

visceral pleura surface markings

Answer 25

Midclavicular - 6th rib, midaxillary 8th rib, paravertebral - 10th rib

Question 26

visceral pleura surface markings

Answer 26

Midclavicular - 6th rib, midaxillary 8th rib, paravertebral - 10th rib

Question 27

pheripheral pleura surface markings

Answer 27

Midclavicular - 8th rib, midaxillary 10th rib, paravertebral - 12th rib

Question 28

pleurosy/pleuritis?

Answer 28

inflammation of the pleura

Question 29

proximal passageway of the airways

Answer 29

kept open by cartilaginous rings

Question 30

distal branching of the passageways`

Answer 30

very thin wall between air and passageway