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Comp Vert > Lecture 8 > Flashcards

Lecture 8 Flashcards

1
Q

Chondroblasts

A

Cartialge forming cells

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2
Q

Chondocytes

A

Cartilage- maintenance cells

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3
Q

ECM of cartilage

A

Collagen (mostly type 2)

Amourphous ground substance (proteoglycans)

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4
Q

Perichondrium

A

outer fibrous layer surrounding mass of cartilage (contains fibroblasts)

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5
Q

Inner chondrogenic layer

A

Gives rise to chondoblasts, which become chondrocytes

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6
Q

Chondrocytes are involved in

A

thep roduction of colalgen and proteoglycans in the matrix

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7
Q

Cartilage characteristics

A

Covered in perichondrium membrane
Avascular - slow to heal
Formed by chondoblasts, maintained by chondrocytes
Lacunae are pockets where chondroblasts and chondrocytes are found

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8
Q

Hyaline Cartilage

A

Most common type
Type 2 collagen
Mostly involved in support
Associated with highly movable joints

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9
Q

Appositional growth

A

Growth that occurs by adding more material to the outside of existing material

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10
Q

Interstitial growth

A

Growth that occurs by inserting additional material into the existing substance

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11
Q

Articular cartilage covering the ends of long bones does not possess a perichondrium, therefore

A

Cannot be repaired or replaced if it is damaged

Deteriorates due to aging or pathological processes

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12
Q

Cartilage tends to develop in regions of low

A

oxygen

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13
Q

Hyaline cartilage can be found in

A 
Ears, nose 
Moveable joint surfaces
Larynx
Tracheal 
Bronchial 
Articular ends of bones
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14
Q

Elastic cartilage characteristics

A 
Adds elastic fibers to matrix 
Surrounded by perichondrium membrane
Yellow 
Type 2 collagen 
Auricle (pinna) of ear
epiglottis
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15
Q

Fibrocartilage characteristics

A 
Increased collagen in matrix 
Less cells, more fibrous than hyaline 
NOT SURROUNDED BY PERICHONDRIUM 
Type 1 collagen 
Intervertebral disks, pubic pymphysis 
insertion of some tendons and ligaments
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16
Q

Bone tissue characteristics

A

Canalicular system (canals)
Highly vascular, found in close proximity to capillaries
Continually reabsorbed, reconstructed and remodeled
Formed by osteoblasts which become osteocytes
medullary cavity
periosteum membrane

17
Q

Volkmann canals

A

Extend from exterior of the bone to the bone matrix - perpendicular to surface

18
Q

Haversion canals

A

Extend from volkmann canals and run parallel to the long axis of the bone

19
Q

Canaliculi

A

Tiny canals that interconnect the lacunae with each other and with the haversion canals

20
Q

Bones grow by

A

appositional growth of hyaline cartilage, however bones can only grow interstitially

21
Q

Periosteum

A

Serves for attachment of muscles, tendons, ligaments

Does not cover articular surface

22
Q

Medullary cavity

A

Most bones contain a cavity filled with red or yellow marrow - red marrow contains hematopoietic tissue. yellow has fat in it

23
Q

Types of bone

A

Woven
Compact
Spongy

24
Q

Compact bone

A

Lacks cavities
Haversion system (concentric lamellae)
Osteocytes are found between lamellae within lacunae

25
Q

Spongy bone

A

see also: Trabecular bone

3d lattice of brancing, bony spicules intertwined to form trabeculae

26
Q

Membrane bone formation

A

Bone is laid down in fibrous (collagen) CT matrix
Osteoblasts use collagen fibers as framework
Starts out spongy unless we add periosteum - appositional growth

27
Q

Osteoblasts require what to lay down bone

A

Substrate - colalgen

28
Q

Membrane bones do not

A

form complex articulations and surfaces for tendons and ligaments

29
Q

Endochondral bone formation occurs within

A

Hyaline cartilage model.

Cartilage is replaced by bone

30
Q

Steps of endochondral bone formation

A

Primary ossificaiton center becomes future diaphysis of cartilge model
Chondocytes become hypertrophic - secrete vascular endothelial growth factor
blood vessels break through perichoondrium
Cartilage cells undergo apoptosis
Osteoblasts use dead bodies as substrate for deposition of osteoid

31
Q

Epiphyseal plate has three zones

A

Proliferative
Hypertrophic
Calcification of territorial matrix

Comp Vert (7 decks)

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