Lecture 7

Question 1

Characteristics of amphibian integument that helped the transition to a terrestrial environment

Answer 1

Development of true stratum corneum

Highly vascularized dermis

Question 2

Types of glands associated with amphibian integument

Answer 2

Unicellular mucous gland
Multicellular mucous glands
Multicellular granular (poissonous) glands

Question 3

Reptilian vs Amphibian integument

Answer 3

Further development of integument in reptiles

Epidermal glands - musk and cloacal

Question 4

Epidermal scales

Answer 4

Folds of stratum corneum (shed in reptiles as they grow)

Scutes

Question 5

Dermal scales

Answer 5

In turtles, carapace and plastron of shell

Crocs and reptiles have them as well - armor and shit - associated with epidermal scales

Question 6

Avian vs. reptile integument

Answer 6

Relatively thin skin and more development of stratum corneum in aves
Integumentary glands are reduced
Feathers

Question 7

Uropygial glands

Answer 7

Oil glands for preening feathers

Question 8

Parts of contour feather

Answer 8

Calamus to rachis (shaft)
Barb containing barbules and hooks (interconnect)
Vane - wide, flattened surface of rachis and barbules

Question 9

Three types of feathers

Answer 9

Contour
Down
Filoplumes

Question 10

Down feathers

Answer 10

See also: plumules

Evenly distro - soft and fluffy act as insulation

Question 11

Filoplumes

Answer 11

threadlike shaft, bristle, eyelash, screen objects from nostrils

Question 12

Homeothermy

Answer 12

Able to maintain relative constant body temperature in spite of variations in ambient temperature

Question 13

Piokilothermy

Answer 13

Take on surrounding ambient temperature

Question 14

Mammalian integument

Answer 14

Well developed epidermis and dermis
Hairs
Mammary Glands

Question 15

Thick skin

Answer 15

Found only on palms of hands and soles of feet

Question 16

Layers of thick skin epidermis Top to bottom

Answer 16

Stratum corneum (heavily keratinized)
Stratum lucidum (thin)
Stratum Granulosum (granules)
Stratum spinosum 
Stratum Basale (high mitotic activity)

Question 17

Dermis layers

Answer 17

Papillary

Reticular