Lecture 8 2/18/14 Flashcards
Eosinophils
they pick up the eosinophil stains or basophilic stain. Part of the granulocytes. Granule Stains. Stain reddish-orange
Account for 2-4% of the WBC count
N L M E B
Never = Neutrophils - 60%
Let = Lymphocytes - 30%
Monkeys = Monocytes - 8%
Eat = Eosinophils - 3%
Bananas = Basophils - 0%
Major Role of Eosinophils
Combat irritants caused by allergic reactions and fight parasitic infections.
They engulf antibodies that mark various antigenic substances.
Bi-Lobed nucleus cell.
Produces histamine
3 Molecules: Histamine, Seratonin, and Bradykinins
Basophil
Picks up the basophilic stain
Don’t have a cytoplasm.
Big Guns for allergic reactions
Produces the bradykinin for inflammatory response. Small, darkly stained granules that fill up the cytoplasm to obscure the nucleus.
Account for .5% of the WBC’s. They enter the tissue and release heparin, which heparin is a blood thinner.
Involved in the anti-flammatory response. Histamine and seratonin to prevent blood clotting and increase local inflammation. 2-3 lobed nuclei. You will find in the blood stream.
Mast Cell
is nothing more than a resident basophil. Won’t be found in the blood stream. Derived from basophil cell line. Some small percentage of basophils end up in the cell tissue.
Hypovolumic
lowered blood volume, could cause death.
Granulocyte Development
Hemocytoblasts -> Myeloid Stem Cell -> Progenitor Cells -> Myeloblast (Precursor cell to all granulocytes) -> Myelocytes -> Band Cells (WBC that has not matured, no segmented nuclei) -> WBC’s to become segmented.
Agranular Leukocytes
Leukocytes are white blood cells
Lymphocytes
account for 25-30% of the WBC population. These cells have a large nucleus surrounded by a thin halo of cytoplasm.
Major role responsible for specific immunity, which is the ability to attack different types of microbes on an individual basis.
B-Lymphocytes it develops, and develops or mature in bone marrow. T-Lymphocytes - mature in the thymus.
T-Lymphocytes
Responsible for cellular immunity by attacking the cells directly. Killer T cells.
T-Killer Cells
Punch holes in bacterial cell walls. The cell then can’t maintain.
General immunity
Complement System
Part of immune system. Destroys bacterium. Destroys cell walls
B-Cells or B-Lymphocytes
responsible for humoral immunity, more of a specific immunity.
Divide wildly and split to become memory B Cell and Plasma Cell, involved in making antibodies.
Plasma Cells which secrete antibodies that attack a specific antigenic substance. antibodies will bind to antigens to make an antigen/antibody complex.
This complex is heavier, it has a tendency to precipitate out solution and roll along the endothelium, where the WBC’s can get a hold of it, and then we can start our immuno response.
Memory Cells
“remember” a specific antigen, and when re-exposed to that antigen divide wildly to make plasma cells that will produce specific antibodies to that antigen.
They may live months to years within the body. The basis for vaccinations or immunizations.
Lymphocyte Development
Hemocytoblast -> lymphoid stem cell (lymphatic tissue) -> Lymphoplast -> Prolymphocyte -> Lymphocyte
Monocytes
account for 3-8% of the WBC population. Take longer to reach the infection site .
Utilize phagocytic action to engulf the foreign invader. Prevalent in chronic infections (i.e. tuberculosis).
A relatively large WBC. The nucleus is oval or kidney-bean shaped. When it stains, faint pink cytoplasm, washed out kidney shape nucleus.
What are resident monocytes called?
Macrophages and they flow around in the blood stream
They are also resident macrophages in what?
In all of the tissue in the body.
The first cell that will be involved in fighting the infection immediately will be the resident macrophages, the cell that is already there.
Monocyte Development
Hemocytoblast -> Myeloid Stem Cell -> Monoblast -> Promonocyte -> Monocyte
