Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Human Anatomy & Physiology Spring 2014 Test 1 > Lecture 4 2/4/14 > Flashcards

Lecture 4 2/4/14 Flashcards

1
Q

Inhibin

A

Hormone produced in men and women

Once the inhibins produce it tells the hypothalamus to stop producing GnRH, then GnRH says to stop producing FSH, we got plenty of sperm now and will wait till the next ejaculation, and inhibin levels drop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Luteinizing Hormone

A

Named after the effects of women

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Why is it called Luteotropin

A

In women, it stimulates the development of corpus luteum.

Corpus Luteum is what’s left over inside the ovaries once the egg has been ovulated. Start out as a follicle first. Every month the women start to mature about 15-25 follicles, only one will make it to maturity, what we call secondary follicle and inside the egg that will be released or ovulated.

After it’s ovulated, the remaining structure inside the ovaries is the corpus luteum which means yellow body. So the corpus luteum produces lots of progesterone.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

In Men, what is Luteotropin

A

known as interstitial cell stimulating hormone, it stimulates the cells, and it’s function is to produce testosterone.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Luteotropin in Men and Women, control what?

A

GnRH (Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone) in the hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is PRL

A

Prolactin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is PRL’s job?

A

to initiate milk production within the breast tissue, it’s corresponding hormone is PRL-RH.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is PIH

A

Prolactin Inhibiting Hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is MSH

A

Melanocyte Stimulating Hormones - Stimulates Melanocytes. Melanocytes are responsible for producing pigment(melanin) in your skin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does RH or IH Mean?

A

It means Releasing Hormone and Inhibiting Hormone.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where does RH or IH come from?

A

Hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Neural Hypophysis

A

Is the posterior pituitary gland. Because it is made up of nervous tissue, not glandular tissue.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where does the Posterior Pituitary Gland come from?

A

Part of the the hypothalamus actually drops downward to become the posterior pituitary gland, so it really is connected to the hypothalamus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the Blood supply in the Posterior Pituitary Gland?

A

It isn’t the hypothalamic hypophyseal portal system, it’s actually the inferior hypophyseal arteries/capillary beds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Two Types of Cells in the Pituitary Gland

A

Nerve Cells and Pituicytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are Nerve Cells and Where are they located?

A

the axons of the nerve cells located in the hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are Pituicytes?

A

support cells that lie between the axons of the nerve cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Functions of the cells in the Posterior Pituitary Gland?

A

Neurosecretory cells in the hypothalamus produce hormones.

Hormones move down the hypothalamic – hypophyseal tract within the infundibulum.

The hormones are stored here and released into the capillaries of the posterior pituitary.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the Paraventricular Nuclei?

A

Produces oxytocin, lie along inside the 3rd ventricle. They are involved in monitoring the fluid in the 3rd ventricle, the CSF, the CSF will mimic or mirror our osmolarity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the Supraoptic Nuclei?

A

lie above the optic chiasm and produces ADH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is Oxytocin?

A

produced by the paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus. Involved in woman in milkdown reflex

22
Q

What is Prolactin’s Job?

A

is to increase breast milk production, not involved in the release of the breast milk, involved in the birthing process.

23
Q

What does increased levels of Cortisol do?

A

probably triggers the release of Oxytocin

24
Q

What is Ptocin?

A

Synthetic version of Oxytocin, which helps labor get going again

25
Q

What’s another name for Oxytocin

A

known as the pair bonding hormone. Also involved in the orgasm of female and male. The function in males that provides that pair bonding experience in sexual intercourse.

26
Q

What is ADH?

A

Antidiuretic hormone - produced by the supraoptic nuclei of the hypothalamus.

27
Q

What’s another name for ADH?

A

vasopressin, ADH is released and it tells the collecting ducts of the kidneys to retain water.

28
Q

Why is ADH Produced?

A

Produced in response due to decrease in blood volume or increase in osmolarity (electrolyte concentration).

29
Q

What is Diabetes Insipidus?

A

is a condition of decrease in ADH production. Life threatening

30
Q

Corpeus Urine

A

10-15 liters per day

31
Q

Another function of ADH?

A

it causes vasoconstriction of the cardiovascular tree

32
Q

What is the over arching function of ADH?

A

function of this hormone is to increase blood pressure, from vaso constricting and retaining fluid at the kidneys.

33
Q

What are Endorphins?

A

natural opeoates. Produced in the pituitary gland in general. Have morphine like qualities. Runners high. Our natural painkillers.

34
Q

What is the Thyroid Gland and it’s location?

A

endocrine gland located below the larynx, which is your voice box, and the cricoid cartilage; function is to regulate metabolism.

35
Q

What is the left and right lobe of the Thyroid Gland connected in the middle by?

A

Isthmus

36
Q

Why is Hyperthyroidism epidemic in America?

A

Because not getting enough precursor molecules to make thyroid hormone. Preservatives may prevent proper thyroid hormone formation. Maybe not enough iodine in our diet.

37
Q

What is the thyroid made up of?

A

structures called follicles. Little circles of cells.

38
Q

What produces Thyroid Hormone?

A

Follicular cells

39
Q

How is the thyroid hormone produced?

A

it is produced in the open space in the center, this space has a liquid in the center called colloid. Little Reservoirs.

40
Q

C-Cell located outside the follicle produce what?

A

Calcitonin or Para Follicular Cells

41
Q

What are two hormone types?

A

T4 - Tetraiodothyronine

T3 - Tri-iodothyronine

42
Q

Describe T4 - Tetraiodothyronine

A

has 4 Iodine molecules attached to it. Type of amino acid of Tyrosine. Thyroxin. Metabolically inactive.

43
Q

Describe T3 - Tri-iodothyronine

A

has 3 Iodine molecules attached to it. Active form of thyroid hormone.

44
Q

Thyroid Hormone Function?

A

increase mitochondrial production of ATP. The second thing it does, activating genes involved in glycolysis and ATP production.

45
Q

What is the Thyroxin and TBG Process?

A

Thyroxin is found in the blood stream, most of it is bound to TBG, Thyroid Binding Globulin, is how Thyroxin is transported into the bloodstream.

This is, TBG, one that binds thyroxin to it, it carries thyroxin through the bloodstream to the target tissues where it is then released.

46
Q

What are the two main proteins flowing in the blood stream?

A

Two main proteins flowing through the bloodstream, albumen which serves as a osmotic agent and then you got lots of globulins which are produced by the liver, and they can be specifically binding globulins or very general globulins.

47
Q

Negative Feedback Example of the Thyroxin Process

A

If thyroxin levels are high, what happens in the hypothalamus, you will have a decrease in TRH produced, what will happen in the TSH is that it will decrease in production as well. TRH’s job is to increase TSH, if there’s less of this, TRH, there’s less of TSH. If there’s less of TSH, Thyroxin levels will go down. It is constantly fluctuating, negative feedback loop. If we are not making, proper thyroxin types, or we are not making enough of it, the feedback mechanism, it will increase the TRH level, and TSH level will increase.

48
Q

What is Hypothyrotic Process?

A

If you are not producing thyroxin, you will see increased levels of TSH in the blood stream. So that’s what they look for, are you borderline high or simply above, if you’re high they will prescribe a synthetic or natural version of thyroid hormone. The most prescribed is Levothyroxine or synthroid. Natural version of Armor Thyroid.

49
Q

What is Hyperthyrotic?

A

causes lost of weight because of increased high metabolism burning fat reserves.

50
Q

What is Endemic Goiter

A

common in the 30-60’s. Too little iodine. Specific region. Due a decrease in iodine in the food that was eaten leading to extreme hypothyroidism which makes a large thyroid gland.

Human Anatomy & Physiology Spring 2014 Test 1 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions