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Human Anatomy & Physiology Spring 2014 Test 1 > Lecture 1 1/23/14 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 1/23/14 Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy

A

Study of the bodies structure and it’s functions and it’s relative positions on the body

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2
Q

Gross Anatomy

A

What we can see with the naked eye

Unaided

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3
Q

Microscopic Anatomy

A

Anatomy that would be studied with magnification of some kind

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4
Q

Physiology

A

How the systems functions and work together in the body

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5
Q

7 or 8 Organizations of the body

A
  1. Atoms
  2. Molecule
  3. Cells
  4. Tissues
  5. Organs
  6. Organ System
  7. Organism
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6
Q

Level 1: Atoms

A

Smallest stable unit of matter

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7
Q

Level 2: Molecule

A

Group of atoms combined together

Example: Insulin

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8
Q

Level 3: Cells

A

Group of molecules

Smallest unit of life

Beta Cells make insulin

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9
Q

Level 4: Tissues

A

Group of cells that perform the same general function

Islet of Langerhans group of cells that contain insulin

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10
Q

Level 5: Organs

A

Group of tissues that perform the same general function

Pancreas contains Islet of Langerhans

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11
Q

Level 6: Organ System

A

Group of organs that perform the same general function

Example: Endocrine System

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12
Q

Level 7: Organism

A

Independent being that can sustain life

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13
Q

Anatomical Position

A

Head facing forward

Feet facing forward

palms facing outward and forward

Standard reference so that we can describe the body parts and be on the same page

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14
Q

Medial

A

Towards the midline of the body

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15
Q

Lateral

A

Away from the midline

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16
Q

Proximal

A

Referring to the extremities

Structure closer to the attached base

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17
Q

Distal

A

Extremities away from the attached base

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18
Q

Anterior

A

Toward the front of the body, based on anatomical position and on human it’s the ventral surface (front abdominal)

In a cat, it’s inferiorly or facing down

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19
Q

Posterior

A

Toward the back on the body.

Dorsal surface of the body in humans

In a cat is superior on the back

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20
Q

Superior

A

Towards to the top

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21
Q

Inferior

A

Towards the bottom

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22
Q

External

A

Superficial components of the body

Towards the outside

23
Q

Internal

A

Towards the inside of the body

Deep - descriptor to describe the structure that is below another structure

24
Q

Cephalad and Cephalic

A

Directional Terms for the torso

Towards the head

25
Caudad and Caudal
Towards the tail The lowest part of the torso Directional term for the torso
26
Plantar
Sole of the foot
27
Palmar
Palm surface of the hand Volar - palm surface of the hand, same as Palmar
28
Anomaly
Variation of normal
29
Ipsilateral
Same side Location of where in the body Left lung and the heart are located ipsilaterally within the thoracic cage
30
Contralateral
Opposite side Two lungs are located contra-laterally within the thoracic cage
31
Bilaterally
Both sides Lungs are located bilaterally in the thoracic cage
32
Sagittal Plane
Left and Right side Divides the body into left and right halves
33
Mid Sagittal Plane
Equal left and right halves
34
Para Sagittal Plane
unequal left and right halves
35
Frontal Plane
"Coronal Plane" Cuts the body into front and back half
36
Transverse Plane
Perpendicular to the long axis Cuts the body into a top and bottom half Can refer to the cross sections as well Transectional cuts for the torso and extremities
37
Dorsal Body Cavity
Located along the posterior aspect of the body
38
Cranial Body Cavity
Houses the brain
39
Vertebral Body Cavity
Houses the spinal cord
40
Ventral Body Cavity
Uncommonly called the Coelomic Cavity
41
Diaphragm
Muscle that separates the upper cavity from the lower cavity
42
Pleural Cavity
Two large lateral cavities that house the lungs
43
Mediastinum Cavity
Space in between the pleural cavities Houses the heart, thymus, trachea, esophagus, Thoracic Duct, and Aorta
44
Aorta
Great vessels of the heart
45
Abdominalpelvic Cavity
Structure below the thoracic cavity Houses the stomach, gall bladder, small and large intestines, spleen, liver, T5-T9 Stomach, liver, pancreas, spleen
46
Kidneys
Are in the abdominal cavity, but are shrink wrapped against the back of the wall of abdominal cavity by the membranes
47
Pelvic Cavity
Houses the bladder, reproductive organs, especially the uterus in females, rectum Down in the pelvis, bowl shaped structure
48
Pleura Layers
Membrane that surrounds around most of the structures that we find in the Coelomic Cavity, or the Ventral Body Cavity Each lung has it's own layer, surrounds the heart and intestines
49
Fist and Balloon Analogy
Sticking your fist and push it into the balloon and the balloon will engulf the fist and the surfaces of the balloon would touch each other The lungs, as they grow, they are surrounded by this double layer structure like a balloon. Lung moves against the inside of the thoracic cage The surfaces rub against each other, and heat gets generated which leads to inflammation, swelling, pain, heat, and redness. It's a good and bad thing, it's for healing, but chronic inflammation is a bad thing Layers produce serrous fluid which reduces friction between the two structures that rub against each other
50
Inner and Outer Layers
Inner layer adheres to lung tissue and the outer layer adheres to the inside of the thoracic cage
51
Parietal Pleura
Outer layer, which adheres to the inside of the thoracic cage
52
Visceral Pleura
Inner layer, which adheres to the lung tissue
53
Visceral Pericardium
Analogous with the outer layer of the heart, which is called the epicardium
54
Potential Spaces
Spaces between the Pericardial Space and the Pleural Space

Human Anatomy & Physiology Spring 2014 Test 1 (8 decks)

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