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Human Anatomy & Physiology Spring 2014 Test 1 > Lecture 1 1/23/14 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 1/23/14 Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy

A

Study of the bodies structure and it’s functions and it’s relative positions on the body

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2
Q

Gross Anatomy

A

What we can see with the naked eye

Unaided

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3
Q

Microscopic Anatomy

A

Anatomy that would be studied with magnification of some kind

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4
Q

Physiology

A

How the systems functions and work together in the body

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5
Q

7 or 8 Organizations of the body

A
  1. Atoms
  2. Molecule
  3. Cells
  4. Tissues
  5. Organs
  6. Organ System
  7. Organism
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6
Q

Level 1: Atoms

A

Smallest stable unit of matter

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7
Q

Level 2: Molecule

A

Group of atoms combined together

Example: Insulin

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8
Q

Level 3: Cells

A

Group of molecules

Smallest unit of life

Beta Cells make insulin

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9
Q

Level 4: Tissues

A

Group of cells that perform the same general function

Islet of Langerhans group of cells that contain insulin

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10
Q

Level 5: Organs

A

Group of tissues that perform the same general function

Pancreas contains Islet of Langerhans

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11
Q

Level 6: Organ System

A

Group of organs that perform the same general function

Example: Endocrine System

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12
Q

Level 7: Organism

A

Independent being that can sustain life

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13
Q

Anatomical Position

A

Head facing forward

Feet facing forward

palms facing outward and forward

Standard reference so that we can describe the body parts and be on the same page

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14
Q

Medial

A

Towards the midline of the body

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15
Q

Lateral

A

Away from the midline

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16
Q

Proximal

A

Referring to the extremities

Structure closer to the attached base

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17
Q

Distal

A

Extremities away from the attached base

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18
Q

Anterior

A

Toward the front of the body, based on anatomical position and on human it’s the ventral surface (front abdominal)

In a cat, it’s inferiorly or facing down

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19
Q

Posterior

A

Toward the back on the body.

Dorsal surface of the body in humans

In a cat is superior on the back

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20
Q

Superior

A

Towards to the top

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21
Q

Inferior

A

Towards the bottom

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22
Q

External

A

Superficial components of the body

Towards the outside

23
Q

Internal

A

Towards the inside of the body

Deep - descriptor to describe the structure that is below another structure

24
Q

Cephalad and Cephalic

A

Directional Terms for the torso

Towards the head

25
Q

Caudad and Caudal

A

Towards the tail

The lowest part of the torso

Directional term for the torso

26
Q

Plantar

A

Sole of the foot

27
Q

Palmar

A

Palm surface of the hand

Volar - palm surface of the hand, same as Palmar

28
Q

Anomaly

A

Variation of normal

29
Q

Ipsilateral

A

Same side

Location of where in the body

Left lung and the heart are located ipsilaterally within the thoracic cage

30
Q

Contralateral

A

Opposite side

Two lungs are located contra-laterally within the thoracic cage

31
Q

Bilaterally

A

Both sides

Lungs are located bilaterally in the thoracic cage

32
Q

Sagittal Plane

A

Left and Right side

Divides the body into left and right halves

33
Q

Mid Sagittal Plane

A

Equal left and right halves

34
Q

Para Sagittal Plane

A

unequal left and right halves

35
Q

Frontal Plane

A

“Coronal Plane”

Cuts the body into front and back half

36
Q

Transverse Plane

A

Perpendicular to the long axis

Cuts the body into a top and bottom half

Can refer to the cross sections as well

Transectional cuts for the torso and extremities

37
Q

Dorsal Body Cavity

A

Located along the posterior aspect of the body

38
Q

Cranial Body Cavity

A

Houses the brain

39
Q

Vertebral Body Cavity

A

Houses the spinal cord

40
Q

Ventral Body Cavity

A

Uncommonly called the Coelomic Cavity

41
Q

Diaphragm

A

Muscle that separates the upper cavity from the lower cavity

42
Q

Pleural Cavity

A

Two large lateral cavities that house the lungs

43
Q

Mediastinum Cavity

A

Space in between the pleural cavities

Houses the heart, thymus, trachea, esophagus, Thoracic Duct, and Aorta

44
Q

Aorta

A

Great vessels of the heart

45
Q

Abdominalpelvic Cavity

A

Structure below the thoracic cavity

Houses the stomach, gall bladder, small and large intestines, spleen, liver, T5-T9 Stomach, liver, pancreas, spleen

46
Q

Kidneys

A

Are in the abdominal cavity, but are shrink wrapped against the back of the wall of abdominal cavity by the membranes

47
Q

Pelvic Cavity

A

Houses the bladder, reproductive organs, especially the uterus in females, rectum

Down in the pelvis, bowl shaped structure

48
Q

Pleura Layers

A

Membrane that surrounds around most of the structures that we find in the Coelomic Cavity, or the Ventral Body Cavity

Each lung has it’s own layer, surrounds the heart and intestines

49
Q

Fist and Balloon Analogy

A

Sticking your fist and push it into the balloon and the balloon will engulf the fist and the surfaces of the balloon would touch each other

The lungs, as they grow, they are surrounded by this double layer structure like a balloon. Lung moves against the inside of the thoracic cage

The surfaces rub against each other, and heat gets generated which leads to inflammation, swelling, pain, heat, and redness.

It’s a good and bad thing, it’s for healing, but chronic inflammation is a bad thing

Layers produce serrous fluid which reduces friction between the two structures that rub against each other

50
Q

Inner and Outer Layers

A

Inner layer adheres to lung tissue and the outer layer adheres to the inside of the thoracic cage

51
Q

Parietal Pleura

A

Outer layer, which adheres to the inside of the thoracic cage

52
Q

Visceral Pleura

A

Inner layer, which adheres to the lung tissue

53
Q

Visceral Pericardium

A

Analogous with the outer layer of the heart, which is called the epicardium

54
Q

Potential Spaces

A

Spaces between the Pericardial Space and the Pleural Space

Human Anatomy & Physiology Spring 2014 Test 1 (8 decks)

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