Lecture 8

Question 1

Controlling the Types, Amount and Activity of Cellular Proteins
· Goal: Efficient Use of Available Resources

These are the goals of what type of regulation

Answer 1

Metabolic

Question 2

This type of regulation Prevents the Production of Protein, and has a slower response than the opposing type of regulation

Answer 2

Gene Regulation

Question 3

This type of regulation Prevents the Functioning of Protein, and has a faster response than the opposing type of regulation

· Examples
- Protein degradation
- Protein:protein interactions

Answer 3

Post-Translational Regulation

Question 4

· Protein Level – Reporter Genes
· Gene Level – DNA Sequencing

This is how we study …

Answer 4

Gene expression

Question 5

This type of gene

· Codes for Proteins that are Easy to Detect and Measure
· Example: Green fluorescent protein (GFP)

Answer 5

Reporter genes

Question 6

What method of studying gene expression

· Isolate
· Transform
· Determine Identity and
Number
mRNA from Cells
mRNA à DNA Sequences
DNA
- Identity = Protein Coded by Gene - Number = Expression Level

Answer 6

DNA Sequencing

Question 7

What type of proteins bind to DNA

Answer 7

Regulatory proteins

Question 8

This describes the structure of what type of proteins

· Homodimeric Structure - Two identical subunits
· Bind in Major Groove of DNA
· Interact with Specific DNA Sequences

Answer 8

Regulatory proteins

Question 9

These are the functions of what type of proteins

Answer 9

· Start or Stop Transcription:
1) Block RNA Polymerase, Prevent Transcription
2) Bind RNA Polymerase, Activate Transcription

Question 10

negative control is the … of mRNA synthesis

Answer 10

Respression

Question 11

positive control is the … of mRNA synthesis

Answer 11

Activation

Question 12

When Bound to DNA
· Block RNA Polymerase · Prevent Transcription
When Released from DNA
· Transcription Possible, But Not Automatic

This describes

Answer 12

negative control

Question 13

Prevents Transcription
1) Enzyme Repression
- Repressor + Corepressor
- Biosynthetic (Anabolic) Enzymes
2) Enzyme Induction
- Repressor + Inducer
- Degradative (Catabolic) Enzymes

This describes what kind of control?

Answer 13

Negative control

Question 14

What does a corepressor do

Answer 14

Binds/Activates Repressor

Question 15

What does a inducer do in negative control

Answer 15

Binds/Deactivates Repressor

Question 16

When Bound to DNA
· Binds RNA Polymerase · Activates Transcription
When Released from DNA
· Transcription Possible, But Not Automatic

This describes what kind of control?

Answer 16

positive control

Question 17

What does a inducer do in positive control

Answer 17

binds to the activator