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Micro Bio > Lecture 6 > Flashcards

Lecture 6 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Where does antisepsis inhibit the growth of pathogens

A

Surfaces of living tissue

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2
Q

Where does disinfection inhibit the growth of pathogens

A

Inanimate surface

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3
Q

What are the three ways to sterilize

A

Heat, Radiation, Filters

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4
Q

What are the effects of heat sterilization on the pathogen cells

A

· Denatures Macromolecules
· Lose Structure and Function

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5
Q

Why does the autoclave use steam to sterilize materials

A

· Cell Penetration Power
· Reduce Resistance of Spores

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6
Q

What dDoes Not Kill All Microbes, But Reduces Their Number

A

Pasteurization

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7
Q

What type of pasteurization Reduces Pathogenic Bacteria and Extends Shelf Life

A

Flash pasteurization

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8
Q

These are effects of what type of sterilization?
· Energy that Modifies or Breaks DNA (Ultraviolet)
· Radicals that Disrupt Proteins and Lipids (Ionizing)

A

Radiation Sterilization

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9
Q

Advantages
· Practical and Safer
Disadvantages
· Surface Sterilization Only
· Cannot Penetrate Solid Objects

What type of radiation sterilization is this?

A

UV Radiation

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10
Q

What type of radiation sterilization is this?

Effects
· Exposure to Electromagnetic Radiation
· Radiation Particles Create Radicals (H·, OH·)

Advantages
· Cold Sterilization
· Penetrate Solids and Liquids
Disadvantages
· Dangerous, Requires Special Equipment

A

Ionizing Radiation

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11
Q

What type of radiation sterilization is this?

Effect
· Sterilization without Heat
· Filters Exclude Passage of Microbes
Advantages
· Useful for Heat-Sensitive Items · Very Safe
Disadvantages
· Limited Application (Liquids, Gases)

A

Filter sterilization

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12
Q

· Borosilicate (Glass) Fibers
· Microbes Trapped in Fiber Network

These make up what kind of filter in filter sterilization?

A

Depth filter

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13
Q

· Strong Polymers (e.g. Cellulose)
· Microbes Trapped on Surface

These make up what kind of filter in filter sterilization?

A

Membrane filters

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14
Q

· Polycarbonate Film
· Microbes Trapped on Surface

These make up what kind of filter in filter sterilization?

A

Nucleopore filters

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15
Q

What type of chemical growth control…

· Bind to Ribosomes
· Prevent Protein Synthesis

A

Bacteriostatic (stop growth)

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16
Q

What type of chemical growth control…

· Cells Dead but Intact
· Bind to Specific Cellular Targets

A

Bacteriocidal (kill cells)

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17
Q

What type of chemical growth control…

· Cells Lyse and Are Destroyed
· Target Cell Wall and Membranes

A

Bacteriolytic (kill cells)

18
Q

… Kill All Microbial Cells + Endospores

A

Sterilants

19
Q

… Kill All Microbial Cells, But Not Endospores

A

Disinfectants

20
Q

… Lead the way to synthetic drugs

· Early 1900s German Scientist · “Magic Bullet”
Selective Toxicity
· Inhibit or Kill Microbial Pathogens · Do Not Harm Human Cells

A

Paul Ehrlich

21
Q

Isoniazid, Quinolones, and Sulfa Drugs are all examples of …

A

synthetic drugs

22
Q

What type of macrocodes Interfer with Protein Synthesis

A

Erythromycin

23
Q

Azidothymidine is a type of … drug

A

Antiviral

24
Q

Ergosterol is a type of … drug

A

Antifungal

25
Q

These are mechanisms of …
(1) Impermeability: ▼porin channels
(2) Efflux
(3) Inactivation: beta-lactamase
(4) Mutation in Target: PBP mutation
(5) Absence of Target
(6) Alternative Biochemical Pathway

A

Antibiotic resistance

26
Q

In antibiotic resistance evolution looks at

A

origins of resistance

27
Q

In antibiotic resistance ecology looks at

A

spread of resistance

28
Q

In antibiotic resistance economics looks at

A

dealing with resistance

29
Q

T or F
there are no universal antibiotics

A

True

30
Q

What is an Alternative Function of Antibiotics

A

signaling molecules

31
Q

· Sub-Inhibitory Concentrations
· Alter Gene Expression
- Virluence, colonization, motility, biofilm formation

These are other functions of …

A

Antibiotics: signal molecules

32
Q

· Catabolism of Penicillin
· Beta-lactamaseàC/N source

This is the food source for …

A

Antibiotics: signal molecules

33
Q

How many patients need vs. receive antibiotic treatment

A

· 20% of Patients
- Need Antibiotic Treament
· 80% of Patients
- Receive Antibiotic Treatment

34
Q

· MRSA
- Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

These are known as … pathogens

A

invincible

35
Q

In the case of non-medical antibiotic overuse what percentage used for Livestock/Agriculture

A

· 50-70% of Antibiotic Used for Livestock/Agriculture
- Feed Supplement
- Aquaculture
- Fruit Production

36
Q

What is the Economic Paradox of Antibiotics

A

· Low Return on Investment · Loss of Value over Time

37
Q

What does Reversing Antibiotic Resistance entail

A

·êUsage =êSelection =êPrevalence of Resistance · Requires a Large-Scale, Coordinated Effort

38
Q

Describe Narrow Spectrum Antibiotics

A

· Hinges on rapid, accurate diagnosis

39
Q

Describe Broad Spectrum Antibiotics

A

· New applications?
· Pre-treatment for FMT?

40
Q

What are the five aves in the search for new antibiotics

A

1) New Analogs of Exisiting Compounds
2) Computer Drug Design
3) Natural Products
4) Drug Combinations
5) Bacteriophage Therapy

Micro Bio (11 decks)

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