lecture 72 - Ovarian and Pacental Pathology

Question 1

what are the three categories of neoplasms of the ovaries (three different cell types)

which is the most common type

with that type what is the most common (and therefore most common overall)

Answer 1

Epithelial Cell Tumors – Serous carcinoma (most common)

Germ Cell Tumors

Sex Cord tumors

Question 2

in general for ovarian tumors -_____ age women are likely to be benign, while _____ age women are more likely to be malignant

the exception to this rule is _____ cell tumors

Answer 2

younger –benig n

older – malignant

Exception; Germ Cell tumors

Question 3

Risk factors for developing malignant ovarian epithelial carcinoma —

Protective factors

common mutation

what stage does it typicaly present?

Answer 3

Nulliparious women; Family hx; 
P53 mutations (BRCA1, 2) 

Protective: OCP, pregnancy (anything that stops ovulation)

stage of presenation: IIIC

Question 4

what is capable of becoming the largest ovarian tumors

where do pseudomyxoma peritoneal tumors come from?

Answer 4

mucinous tumors

pseudomyxoma – mets from appenidiceal mucinous tumors

Question 5

name 3 types of germ cell tumors

younger patients are more likely to have (benign vs malingnat) growths

these tumors are usually (Unilateral vs bilateral)

Answer 5

Teratoma, dysgerminoma, yolk sac tumors

The younger the patient the more Malignant

Unilateral

Question 6

mature teratomas are (rare vs more common) and are (benign vs malignant)

Immature teratomas are (rare vs common) and are (benign vs malignant)

Answer 6

Mature teratoma: common; benign

Immature teratoma: rare; malignant

Question 7

20 yo patient presetns with ovarian tumor; histo reveals schiller duval bodies and is AFP positive

what is the dx

what is the next step

Answer 7

yolk sac tumor

chemotherapy

Question 8

Granulosa Theca Cell Tumors:

A/w over production of _____

therefore ______

and can lead to _______ cancer

pathognomic histological findings

Answer 8

overproduction of estrogen
Therefore: Endometrial hyperplasia
Therefore: Endometrial Carcinoma

Coffee Bean Nuclei; Call Exner bodies

Question 9

what is meigs syndrome; with what sex cord tumors does this present with?

is this benign of malignant

Answer 9

Meigs: pleural effusion and ascities

a/w Fibroma

Bengin

Question 10

Oligohydramnios

what can cause it?

can lead to what syndrome?

Answer 10

Not enough amniotic fluid
caused by renal or GU fetal abn

can lead to potter’s syndrome

Question 11

what is the most common cause of premature labor?

Answer 11

Infections

Question 12

what are TORCH infections

Answer 12

Toxoplasmosis, Other (Syphilis, Varcella Zoster, B19), Rubella, CMV, Herpes

Question 13

what is a Hydatidiform Mole ?

Answer 13

Gestational trophoblastic disease

abnormal conceptin characterized by swollen and edematous villi with proiferation of trophoblasts

Question 14

Parial Mole:

of chromosomes
Fetal tissue: yes or no?
HCG level?
potential for malignancy

Answer 14

69 chromosomes (normal ovum fertilized by 2 sperm)

Fetal Tissue: present

HCG Level: elevated, but not extremely so

malignancy: none

Question 15

Complete Mole:

of chromosomes
Fetal tissue: yes or no?
HCG level?
potential for malignancy

Answer 15

46 Chromosomes; Empty ovum fertilized by 2 sperm

Fetal Tissue: absent

HCG: sky high

Malignancy: 2% progress to choriocarcinoma

Question 16

marker for choriocarcinoma?

prognosis

Answer 16

very high HCG

Poor prognosis; highly invasive