Lecture 7 - theories and concepts

Question 1

The contemporary CBT approach

Answer 1

Stimulus -> cognitive mediators -> response

The response is not solely based on the stimulus, but also on the way we cognitively interpret it

Question 2

Dysfunctional beliefs

Answer 2

Dysfunctional thought in which people are quite confident, they BELIEVE it

e.g. the world is a dangerous place

Question 3

Anxiety vs fear

Answer 3

Fear;
- in response to a specific/clearly identifiable threat
- supposed to be adaptive
- oriented in the present
-

Question 4

Rumination

Answer 4

Dwelling on thoughts about things that have already happened in the past
Not arousing

Question 5

Worrying

Answer 5

Preparation
Problem solving
Arousing (physiologically)

Question 6

3 characteristics that maintain the cycle of worry

Answer 6

1. catastrophizing
2. worrying about worrying
3. Low tolerance about uncertainty

Question 7

How to reduce worrying

Answer 7

1. decatastrophize the event
2. controlled breathing techniques
3. progressive relaxation
4. mindfulness

Question 8

Dodo bird verdict

Answer 8

all types of therapy from different kinds of approaches all reach the similair effect for mental disorders

Question 9

6 ingredients of TF-CBT

Answer 9

1. psychoeducation
2. exposure
3. changing memories
4. changing personal meanings
5. dealing with emotions
6. emotion regulation

Question 10

psychoeducation on PTSD examples (3)

Answer 10

• understand normal reactions to trauma
• Identification of symptoms and skills
• optimize attitudes about treatments

Question 11

Dual representation theory of PTSD

Answer 11

VAM = verbal accessible memory -> hippocampus (everyday normal experiences)
SAM = Situational accessible memory -> amygdala (emotion related experiences)

No PTSD = integration of VAM and SAM
You have a bit of access to the SAM through the VAM

Activation of the SAM can take over the entire function

PTSD: SAM and VAM are seperated.
Stimulus -> activation of the SAM
-> takes over in the whole brain
-> you cant access it through the VAM

Question 12

VAM

Answer 12

Verbal Accessible Memory
- controllable; you allow what comes into it and you can activate it whenever you want

Question 13

SAM

Answer 13

Situational accessible memory

• not controllable

Question 14

Narrative exposure therapy

Answer 14

VAM -> cold memories (spatial, temporal)
SAM -> Hot memories (emotional, physiological)

1. make a timeline of your life with flowers & stones
   stones = traumatic experience
   flowers = positive events
2. this contextualizes the events in your life
3. gives you a narrative, so sense of control over the SAM

Question 15

Dealing with emotions
Emotion regulation

Answer 15

results from the other 4 ingredients